字词 | 新学 |
释义 | 新学【英】the new learning译文来源Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 371. 定义新学即“西学”, 与称为“旧学”或“中学”的中国封建主义传统思想文化相对。具体是指“五四”以前“由西方传入中国的资产阶级政治思想和学术文化”(金炳华,2003:880)。随着时代的变迁,西学概念的内涵外延也在不断变化。明末以降,主要指西方的自然科学和宗教、艺术等。近代洋务派的西学概念,则限于以“船坚炮利”为主的“富国强兵”之术,经张之洞概括为“西艺”、“西政”两个方面。“西艺”指算、绘、矿、医、声、光、化、电等自然科学和生产技术;“西政”指学校、地理、度支、赋税、武备、律刑、劝工、通商等富国强兵的具体政策和措施。从资产阶级改良派开始,西学主要用来指西方资产阶级的社会学说和资本主义的政治经济制度。西学的传播,对推动中国近代社会的变革起了重大的作用。严复指出中国救亡之道,自强之谋,在“以西学为要图”。严父在《救亡决论》中指出了新学与“旧学”的根本分歧,他指出“‘中国最重三纲,而西人首明平等;中国亲亲,而西人尚贤;中国以孝治天下,而西人以公治天下;中国尊主,而西人隆民。”可见,严复力图以西方的“新学”改造中国传统“旧学”。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 在“五四”以前,中国主化战争线上的斗争,是资产段级的新文化和封建阶级的旧文化的斗争。在“五四”以前,学校与科举之争,新学与旧学之争,西学与中学之争,都带着这种性质。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:696 1. Before the May 4th Movement, the struggle on China’s cultural front was one between the new culture of the bourgeoisie and the old culture of the feudal class. The struggles between the modern school system and the imperial examination system, between the new learning and the old learning, and between Western learning and Chinese learning, were all of this nature. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 371. 2. 那时的所谓学校,新学、西学,基本上都是资产阶级代表们所需要的自然科学和资产阶级的社会政治学说(说基本上,是那种中间还夹杂了许多中国的封建余毒在内)。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:696-697 2. The so-called modern schools or new learning or Western learning of that time concentrated mainly (we say mainly, because in part pernicious vestiges of Chinese feudalism still remained) on the natural sciences and bourgeois social and political theories, which were needed by the representatives of the bourgeoisie. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 371 3. 在当时,这种所谓新学的思想,有同中国封建思想做斗争的革命作用,是替旧时期的中国资产阶级民主革命服务的。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:697 3. At the time, the ideology of the new learning played a revolutionary role in fighting the Chinese feudal ideology, and it served the bourgeois-democratic revolution of the old period. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 371. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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