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字词 世俗
释义

世俗【英】

secularity; secular (adj.); mundane (adj.)

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:122.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 353.
[3] Secularity. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularity

定义

宗教对人世间的称呼。佛教称世间或在家为俗,与出家为僧相对。基督教把现世的、非宗教的、不受修道誓约约束的、修道院外的社会生活称为世俗。马克思早期对神学的批判中借这个称呼来指现实的人类社会(金炳华,2003:122)。佛教把世界区分为天国和人间,只有在天国才有真理,在人间真理被隐覆、被毁坏。佛教宣称在人间里只有痛苦和罪恶,只有在天国才有幸福和快乐。因此,这种宗教观,否认人的现实幸福,否认认识现实真理的可能,让人脱离世俗世界,把人引上天国,引上彼岸世界,才能离俗弃恶,得到解脱和永生。基督教则把现世的、非宗教的、不受修道誓约约束的、修道院外的社会生活称为世俗。在马克思主义产生以前,许多进步的思想家都对宗教进行过无情的揭露,指出其虚伪性和欺骗性,同时,强调世俗生活的真实性和合理性,但是,他们的观点有一个根本的缺限,即脱离社会实践和现实的物质生活条件。只有马克思主义科学地阐释了世俗生活的本质。马克思早期对神学的批判中借这个称呼来指现实的人类社会。马克思在《德法年鉴》上发表《论犹太人问题》一文,批判B.鲍威尔提出的宗教是人间一切不平等的原因的观点,指出宗教不是世俗狭隘性的原因,只是它的表现。不应该把世俗问题化为神学问题,而要把神学问题还原为世俗问题。只有消灭世俗的桎梏,才能克服宗教桎梏。他指出:“可见,一方面,鲍威尔要求放弃犹太教,要求一般人放弃宗教,以便作为公民得到解放。另一方面,鲍威尔坚决认为宗教在政治上的废除就是宗教的完全废除。以宗教为前提的国家,还不是真正的,不是现实的国家”(马克思等,2002:167)。同时在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中,提出要把对天国的批判变成对尘世的批判。他指出:“现在问题已经不再是世俗人同世俗人以外的僧侣进行斗争,而是同他自己内心的僧侣进行斗争,同他自己的僧侣本性进行斗争”(马克思等,1995:10)。由此他把对社会问题的研究,由哲学而转向经济,着力于对市民社会的解剖。在伦理学领域,马克思主义强调,道德作为一种社会意识,并不依赖于神,其本质是社会存在的反映,世俗生活才是道德立脚的根基,从而科学地解决了道德起源、本质和发展规律等一系列重大问题。

定义来源

[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)[M].人民出版社,2002.
[2] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1995.
[3] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 戴着否定的辩证法之有色眼镜的阿多诺,把这一切讲得过于严重了。这样,爱利亚学派所追求的“万变之中的不变”(存在),赫拉克利特探寻的物相背后的“活火”(逻各斯),拒斥世俗人间的上帝之城(神权与父权),启蒙运动重新复归的人(无声的类人)都必是同一性的强制。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:25

1. Second, when Adorno says concept is of oneness, he means that at the beginning of culture, the concept was produced when "multiple" perceptual phenomena were summarized into “one.” For any kind of culture, the concept’s immanent claim is its order-creating invariance as against the change in what it covers. Viewing this through the colored glasses of Negative Dialectics, Adorno has made exaggerations. According to him, “the unchangeable in all changes” (being) pursued by Eleatic School, the “live fire” (logos) that Heraclitus searched for behind the objects, City of God (theocracy and patriarchy) that rejects the secular world, and the human being that resurrected in Enlightenment all result from the enforcement of identity. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 46.

2. 众所周知,在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思对费尔巴哈宗教批判的指控主要是说后者把宗教世界归结为世俗世界的要求的提法虽然正当,但却没有进一步说明神学想象世界产生的原因恰恰在于现实中“世俗基础的自我分裂和自我”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:79

2. As is known to all, Marx criticizes that Feuerbach’s attack on religion does not further her explain that the real reason hidden behind the emergence of the theistic world of illusion resides exactly in the “self-ceavage and self-contradictions within this secular basis” of reality, though Feuerbach is right in identifying the religious world with that of the secular. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 120.

3. 鉴于政治激进主义是与对工人阶级没有明显偏好的民粹派主张相关联的,早期的工会运动为了维护自己的独立性,从一开始就充满了反对卷入政治的倾向和执著于更多世俗事务的坚定决心。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:339

3. And since political radicalism was associated with populist proposals of no evident benefit to the working class, the incipient trade union movement, in asserting its independence, was imbued from the start with an opposition to political involvement and a dogged determination to stick to more mundane matters. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 353.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
并且宗教道德通过与世俗道德的互动与对话直接影响着社会公众生活。——《宗教道德与世俗道德对话的探讨》,新疆师范大学硕士学位论文,2008
Correspondingly, the dialogue has become a consensus, and religious dialogue similarly aroused the people’s concern.

例句 2:
佛教因其对生命和世界的终极拷问而获得永久的意义,法律因其对世俗社会的维护而获得存在的价值。——《唐代佛教与法律》,华东政法大学博士学位论文,2012
Buddhism obtains permanent meaning for its ultimate torture for life and word. Law obtains the value of existence for the maintenance for social order.

例句 3:
藏戏孕育、成熟所处的社会文化环境中普遍存在的融宗教性与世俗性为一体的社会现实。——《论传统藏戏表现形态的宗教性与世俗性》,福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2002
In the social cultural environment where gave birth and maturity to Tibetan Opera, there is a universal social reality that is the religious and secular features integrated.

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