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字词 预见
释义

预见【英】

prediction; to contemplate; to envisage; to predict

译文来源

[1] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. London: Routledge, 2001: 105.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24) [M]. London: Progress Publishers, 1989: 468.

定义

预见是指在自然现象或社会事件产生或被发现以前人们对它所作的猜测、推理、预知、预判。预见是基于人们的理性而产生的能力,是人们的主观能动性的一种重要表现。预见分科学预见和非科学预见。所谓科学预见,就是人们根据科学知识对某一事物和过程发展的结果或趋势所作的正确推测和判断。人们之所以能够预见自然现象或社会事物,是因为一切自然现象和社会事物在一定程度上、一定范围内遵循者自身发展变化的内在规律。因此,人们认识了作为事物内部联系的客观规律,就不仅可以预见到它的发展进程和结局,而且还可以进一步地推测出人类尚未认识的新的事物和现象的可能存在。马克思就根据历史发展到的规律和资本主义社会的内在矛盾,预见了资本主义制度必然走向消亡的结局。科学预见同主观臆断、宗教预言有着根本的区别,科学预见是对事物发展规律的深刻了解和认识,主观臆断、宗教预言则是远离事物发展规律的无根据的臆造。对此,列宁曾深刻地指出,“神奇的预言是神话。科学的预言却是事实。”(《列宁选集》,第3卷:576)科学预见虽然依据的是科学知识和自然规律、社会规律,但它同时要求人们在预见事物前,必须详细地占有材料、运用正确的思维方法。可见,科学预见是要受到客观历史条件的限制。对此,斯大林说:“无论恩格斯和马克思是多么天才的思想家,绝不能要求他们在垄断前的资本主义时期预见到五十年以后,即发达的垄断资本主义时期的无产阶级斗争和无产阶级革命中的一切可能性。”(《斯大林全集》,第8卷:272)

定义来源

[1] 列宁.列宁选集(第三卷)[M].人民出出版社,2012.
[2] 斯大林.斯大林全集(第八卷)[M].人民出出版社,1956.

例句

1. 面临这样一种社会,还有变革的希望吗?马尔库塞在其著作的开头便讲道,他在两个矛盾的假设之间摇摆不定:第一个是,发达的工业社会在可预见的未来有能力遏制质变;第二个是,存在着打破这种遏制和使社会突变的种种力量和倾向。《单向度的人》通篇强调的是第一种倾向。第二种倾向出现的可能性,仅仅在该书的结尾才极其简要地提到。这第二种倾向将不得不有赖于那些生存在“民主进程”之外的人们,即“受社会排斥和不受欢迎的下层人、其他种族和肤色的被剥削者和被压迫者,以及失业者和不能被雇用的人们”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:283-284

1. In the face of such a society, what hope was there for change? Marcuse stated at the beginning of his work that he vacillated between two contradictory hypotheses. The first was that advanced industrial society was capable of containing qualitative change for the foreseeable future; and the second that forces and tendencies existed which might break this containment and explode society. Through One Dimensional Man the emphasis was on the first tendency. The possibility that the second tendency might come to the fore was only raised very briefly at the end of the book. This tendency would have to be based on those who existed outside the ‘democratic process’: ‘the substratum of the outcasts and outsiders, the exploited and persecuted other races and other colours, the unemployed and the unemployable’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 298.

2. 谢里登认为,这是福柯的含蓄的后马克思主义姿态,因而注定要引起一个基本上仍然是斯大林主义的法国马克思主义界的愤怒:对于福柯否定马克思的持久意义,一般的马克思主义者回应说这是一种前马克思主义的分析。既然没有马克思主义者能够预见到后马克思主义的前景,因此,说某个人是一个前马克思主义者,不过是说他是一个非马克思主义者而巳,并且没有人会否认福柯是一个非马克思主义者。然而,除了马克思主义者,没有人会认为“辩证法”是自然固有的规律,如果在19世纪末尼采揭穿了“辩证法和人类学的混杂承诺”,那么那些在尼采之后试图反思历史的人必定是后马克思主义者。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:164

2. Sheridan reads this as an implicitly post-Marxist gesture on Foucault’s part, and as such calculated to draw the ire of a still largely Stalinist French Marxist community: The stock Marxist response to Foucault’s denial of Marx’s continuing relevance is to brand Foucault’s analysis as pre-Marxist. Since no Marxist can contemplate the prospect of a post-Marxist, to say that someone is pre-Marxist is simply to say that he is non-Marxist – and no one would deny that Foucault was that. Yet nowhere, except in the minds of Marxists, is it inscribed that the ‘dialectic’ is an ineradicable law of nature. If, at the end of the nineteenth century, Nietzsche set light to ‘the intermingled promises of the dialectic and anthropology’, then those who attempt to rethink history after Nietzsche must be post-Marxist. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 105.

3. 后来,这些战术被南斯拉夫铁托的敌后游击队、被阿尔及利亚的民族解放阵线,以及在古巴革命期间——当然,还有在印度支那——都被成功地予以运用。对这些战术作出印象至深阐明的是毛泽东的《论持久战》,这部著作以非凡的预见性勾画了抗日战争的整体发展进程。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:220

3. These tactics were later applied successfully by Tito's partisans in Yugoslavia, by the FLN in Algeria, during the Cuban revolution, and, of course, in Indo-China. Their most impressive vindication is Mao's On Protracted War, which outlined the course of the war against Japan with extraordinary foresight. Mao began by warning against either the hope of a quick victory or belief in inevitable defeat. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 229.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
毛泽东思想是一个及其丰富的理论宝库,科学预见思想就是这个理论宝库中的一块重要宝石。毛泽东同志在把马克思主义普遍真理同中国革命实践相结合的过程中,创造性地丰富和发展了马列主义关于科学预见的理论,对中国革命的伟大胜利产生了重要的指导作用。毛泽东在中国革命发展进程中所作出的诸多预见,其科学性和准确性在整个人类认识史上都是极其罕见的。中国革命取得胜利的过程,从某种意义上说,就是一系列科学预见指导实践、变成现实的过程。认真学习和研究毛泽东关于科学预见的思想,具有重大的理论和现实指导意义。本文就是在马克思主义的观点、立场和方法的指导下,力图对毛泽东的科学预见思想作一个比较全面和深刻的研究。——《论毛泽东科学预见思想》,西南师范大学硕士学位论文,2001
Mao Tsetung Thought, of which scientific farsightedness (SF) is an indispensable component, is a fabulous treasure-house where there are invaluable theories in abundance. Comrade Mao, while integrating univeral principles of Marxism into revolutionary practices of China, enriched and developed Marxism-Leninism theories of SF, and steered China's revolutionaries into a glorious victory. The road to China's revolutionary victories is inasense a series of applications and many a time guidance of Mao's SF. To make serious studies and reserches on Mao Tsetung Thought on SF has thus deeply directive significance. This article, in the direction of Marxism, makes a comparatively comprehensive and profound study it

例句 2:
可预见规则作为限制违约损害赔偿范围的一项重要规则,在各国立法中均有体现。——《论可预见规则在国际工程承包合同中的适用》,对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2007
One of the most important rules to limit the recovery of contract damages, the rule of foresight is presented in the laws of every country.

例句 3:
可预见规则肇始于法国

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:35:41