字词 | 逻辑 |
释义 | 逻辑【英】logic译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 37. 定义逻辑,“源于希腊文πσγos(逻格斯),原意指思想、言辞、理性、规律性等。古代西方学者用逻辑来指称研究推理论证的学问”(廖盖隆,1993:301)。逻辑,英文是logic。1902年,严复译成《穆勒名学》,将logic意译为“名学”,与此同时,又音译为“逻辑”(卢之超,1993:507)。在现代汉语中,逻辑具有多重含义,一是表示客观事物发展的规律;二是表示思维的规律、规则;三是用于表示某种特殊的立场、观点或推论方法;四是表示逻辑学,即研究思维形式及其规律的科学(金炳华,2003:561)。古代人类的三大逻辑流派包括我国春秋战国时代的名学和辩学、印度古代的因明、西方希腊时代以亚里士多德的逻辑学说为代表的逻辑理论。目前,传统逻辑是指以亚里士多德的逻辑学说、斯多噶派的逻辑学说、培根和穆勒的逻辑学说为基础综合而成的逻辑理论。莱布尼兹在传统逻辑的基础上,逐步创立了数理逻辑;黑格尔则逐步创立了辩证逻辑。传统逻辑,又称为传统形式逻辑,数理逻辑,又称为数理形式逻辑,两者统称为现代形式逻辑(刘佩弦,1988:662)。思维的逻辑是客观现实的历史发展过程在思维中的概括的反映,而非主观先验的形式,也不是先于客观现实的历史发展过程而存在的(卢之超,1993:507)。 定义来源[1] 廖盖隆.马克思主义百科要览(上卷)[Z].人民日报出版社,1993. 例句1. 《逻辑学》是从抽象概念出发推演到具体概念,而整个《逻辑学》又是世界历史的抽象出发点。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:539 1. Logic begins with abstract ideas to derive concrete concepts, and the whole of Logic is the abstract point of origin of world history. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 426. 2. 杜林先生以为,他可以不加入任何经验的成分,从那些“按照纯粹逻辑的观点既不可能也不需要论证”的数学公理导出全部纯数学,然后再把它应用于世界,同样,他以为,他可以先从头脑中制造出存在的基本形式,一切知识的简单的成分,哲学的公理,再从它们导出全部哲学或世界模式论,然后以至尊无上的姿态把自己的这一宪法赐给自然界和人类世界。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:42 2. But just as Herr Dühring imagines that, out of the axioms of mathematics, “which also in accordance with pure logic neither require nor are capable of substantiation" he can deduce the whole of pure mathematics without any kind of empirical admixture, and then apply it to the world, so he likewise imagines that he can, in the first place, produce out of his head the axioms of philosophy, deduce from these the whole of philosophy or world schematism, and then, by sovereign decree, impose this constitution of his on nature and humanity. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 37-38. 3. 面对这一博大精深的哲学构架,以往我们较多地从黑格尔表述他自己的体系的成熟论著中提炼出宏大的思辨逻辑体系,可是恰恰忽略了这一话语体系的历史形成过程,即青年黑格尔早期十分深厚的文化历史研究(图宾根到耶拿时期),特别是当时黑格尔所面对的欧洲历史与生活的现实确证——主要是法国大革命与英国工业革命。通俗地说,就是马背上的拿破仑与绝对精神、斯密的“看不见的手”与“理性的狡计”的内在关联。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009::64 3. With regard to this incredibly broad and profound philosophical framework, in the past we tended to focus on the mature works of Hegel, those in which he clarifies his philosophical system, in order to forge a broad speculative logic system. However, in so doing we ignored the historical, formative process of this discourse system; namely, the profound cultural and historical research carried out by young Hegel (between the Tubingen and Jena periods), and especially his study of European history and life, centered on the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in England. Simply put, he sought for the internal relation between Napoleon on horseback and the Absolute Spirit, as well as Smith’s “invisible hand” and “the cunning of Reason. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 35. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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