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字词 思辨逻辑
释义

思辨逻辑【英】

speculative logic

译文来源

Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 35.

定义

思辨本意是思考辨析,是一种思考方式,它与外界无关的,甚至可以不符合逻辑。在哲学领域,思辨指运用推导逻辑而进行的纯理论、纯概念的思考。哲学家认为,通过思辨,人可以为自然立法,也就是为自然界建立规则。近代科学的发展将思辨方法逐渐不再是主流的研究方法,取而代之的是更具现实性和准确性的科学实验方法,通过实践才可使主观见之于客观(思辨.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ZrLNF8ABJKvFKFISK54CL9bYyAICmj01yQtDD5Gp7kLzEQzvzLw3MGrn94dSenz3aBnnxNvoVhMQ0xD9Nq9eeq)。思辨逻辑,即脱离社会实践,通过抽象的思考、推理、论证得出结论的思维逻辑。思辨逻辑是哲学研究的重要方法之一,马克思主义哲学诞生之前,本体论哲学体系为思辨哲学,后诞生实践哲学。思辨哲学主张从概念世界推衍出客观世界,将客观世界隶属于概念世界,力图将世界的发展变化纳入思维构造出来的法则之中,把先天的原则作为出发点,去探求、说明和构造世界,是一种客观唯心主义哲学。它的主要代表人物有笛卡儿、莱布尼茨、沃尔弗、黑格尔等人(思辨哲学.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=nppOwVAu5Ow1YGMBlzFpat7SyTXjI06WYbEPt8xQc0_rjD2gCJlXzC3xKdzJUEnrvS6lSKIzhC5NYT3AP7i9KK)。思辨逻辑是黑格尔思辨哲学的逻辑形态。研究纯粹理念的科学,或研究思维、思维的规定和规律的科学。亦即当前学术界所通用的辩证逻辑。有广义与狭义之分。广义的思辨逻辑指黑格尔在其《逻辑学》中所陈述的思想体系,即其建立的逻辑范畴体系。狭义的思辨逻辑仅指黑格尔《逻辑学》“概念论”中的“主观性”部分所陈述的思想体系、即其建立的逻辑范畴体系。黑格尔认为思辨的逻辑,包含有以前的逻辑与形而上学,保存有同样的思想形式、规律和对象,但同时又用较深广的范畴去发挥或改造它们。同样,黑格尔还认为思辨逻辑也包含了他所提出的知性逻辑。只消把思辨逻辑中辩证法的和理性的成分排除掉,就可以得到知性逻辑。表明思辨逻辑之所以区别于知性逻辑,就在于它的对象是思维形式的辩证法,即思辨逻辑是以辩证的方法来研究思维形式及其在认识过程中的内容、联系和发展。黑格尔的思辨逻辑虽然因其是研究先于客观世界而存在的纯粹理念,因而是唯心主义的,但它为马克思主义的辩证逻辑的建立提供了宝贵的思想资料,可以视为科学的现代形态的辩证逻辑的古典形态(彭漪涟等,2010)。

定义来源

[1] 思辨.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ZrLNF8ABJKvFKFISK54CL9bYyAICmj01yQtDD5Gp7kLzEQzvzLw3MGrn94dSenz3aBnnxNvoVhMQ0xD9Nq9eeq
[2] 思辨哲学.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=nppOwVAu5Ow1YGMBlzFpat7SyTXjI06WYbEPt8xQc0_rjD2gCJlXzC3xKdzJUEnrvS6lSKIzhC5NYT3AP7i9KK
[3] 彭漪涟,马钦荣.逻辑学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2010.

例句

1. 面对这一博大精深的哲学构架,以往我们较多地从黑格尔表述他自己的体系的成熟论著中提炼出宏大的思辨逻辑体系,可是恰恰忽略了这一话语体系的历史形成过程,即青年黑格尔早期十分深厚的文化历史研究(图宾根到耶拿时期),特别是当时黑格尔所面对的欧洲历史与生活的现实确证——主要是法国大革命与英国工业革命。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:64

1. With regard to this incredibly broad and profound philosophical framework, in the past we tended to focus on the mature works of Hegel, those in which he clarifies his philosophical system, in order to forge a broad speculative logic system. However, in so doing we ignored the historical, formative process of this discourse system; namely, the profound cultural and historical research carried out by young Hegel (between the Tubingen and Jena periods), and especially his study of European history and life, centered on the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in England. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 35.

2. 青年马克思在走向一般唯物主义“感性具体”的进程中,曾同样反对了黑格尔抽象的思辨逻辑。马克思在很久之后才内省到这一点,并重新在一种新的科学基础上再一次“从抽象到具体”,从直接性到经过中介的批判现象学!所以,马克思对黑格尔唯心主义的第一次批判,的确是他哲学思想的第一个重大转变。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:144

2. As Marx moved towards the “perceptual concrete” of general materialism, he also expressed opposition towards Hegel’s abstract speculative logic. It was not until much later that Marx became cognizant of what he was doing, which was once again moving from the abstract to the concrete on a new scientific foundation, from directness to mediated critical phenomenology! As such, Marx’s first critique of Hegel’s idealism did indeed form the first important shift in his philosophical thinking. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 102.

3. 在自然唯物主义者那里,直观的感性成为他们反对唯心主义思辨逻辑的武器。如果退一步说,直观感性在人们面对自然对象时还有一定的说服力的话(从根本上说,这还是错的,因为自然对象也是由社会实践历史地呈现于人的主观视界的),那么面对社会历史和人类生活时,自然唯物主义就会一败涂地,要么变成为简单的唯心史观,要么蜕变为对社会生活中实体性物相的直观指认。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:334

3. In natural materialism, perceptual sensuousness becomes the logical weapon used to oppose idealist speculation. Taking a step back, if perceptual sensuousness still had a certain level of persuasiveness as man faces natural objects (fundamentally speaking, this is still incorrect, because natural objects appear in man’s subjective vision through the practical history of society), then when facing social history and human life, natural materialism would finally be defeated. It would either become a simple idealist conception of history or devolve into a perceptual identification of the material things in social life. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 256.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
亚里士多德、康德为代表的传统学说主张,判断的结构是主词与谓词两种概念通过系词“是”的联结;黑格尔则认为,判断的结构乃是主词向着谓词的概念发展,“是”所刻画的正是概念“是起来”的生存论特征。黑格尔对判断的讨论同样服务于整个思辨逻辑的任务,即阐明一种自规定的生成机制。——“黑格尔思辨逻辑中的判断学说”,载于《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年第6期
While the traditional doctrine represented by Aristotle and Kant advocates that the structure of judgment is a combination of the subject and the predicate through the copula “is”, Hegel proposes that this structure is a conceptual development from the subject to the predicate, and what “is” characterizes is the existential feature of the concept of “becoming”. Hegel’s discussion of judgment serves the goal of his speculative logic, i.e., demonstrating a self-determining generative mechanism.

例句 2:
根据黑格尔以后特别是现代自然科学的新发展,对黑格尔哲学的核心部分逻辑学进行了新解释、新理解,重点阐释了现代自然科学新发现的宇宙大爆炸理论、爱因斯坦相对论的时空观、现代基因理论、全息理论与黑格尔思辨逻辑的契合之处,它们在黑格尔的思辨逻辑框架内,仍可以得到合理的解释和理解。——“现代自然科学新发展对黑格尔逻辑学的新阐释”,载于《巢湖学院学报》2010年第1期
Based on the new development of science after Hegel especially in modern times, the thesis gave new interpretations and understandings of the core of Hegel’s philosophy — Logics. More emphasis was put on the explanations of some new theories found by modern science, namely, the Big Bang theory, the outlook on time and space of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, modern genetic theory, and the integration of holographic theory i

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更新时间:2024/9/30 5:53:51