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字词 总体性      
释义

总体性              【英】

totality

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:953.
[2] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: xxiv.

定义

总体性为西方哲学史用语。最早出现在格尔的著作中,指包罗万象的精神性的东西,即绝对精神。马克思在唯物史观基础上运用它来说明整个资本主义社会的整体性。卢卡奇在西方马克思主义的开山之作——《历史与阶级意识》中提出总体性辩证法的思想,认为其是“能够在思维中再现和把握现实的唯一方法”,并通过物化、阶级与意识革命来具体阐述这一思想(陈慧平,2015:161)。卢卡奇认为,(1)总体性是辩证法中最根本的东西。只有恢复和发扬黑格尔、马克思辩证法的核心总体性,才能克服物化意识所造成的这种严重后果。(2)总体性范畴不可用于对自然界的说明,只存在于社会历史领域中。(3)总体先于部分,高于部分。总体性的观点而不是经济的首要性的观点,才是马克思主义与资产阶级思想理论之间的决定性区别。(4)总体处在不断的发展变化中,资本主义社会也表现为一个历史过程。(5)无产阶级只有在具备自觉的阶级意识的基础上才能把握资本主义社会这一总体,并在实践中加以改造,个体不可能把握总体(金炳华,2003:953)。詹明信也持有这种总体性立场,并宣称总体性是“黑格尔式马克思主义和结构马克思主义之间对立的最激进战场”。因此,总体性成了后结构主义、各种后马克思主义和反马克思主义攻击的最核心目标。自从总体化在西方马克思主义传统本身的范围内被明确理论化以来,总体化的问题成为争论的焦点。有一些理论学如柯尔施、葛兰西、马尔库塞、勒菲费尔、哈贝马斯等捍卫了马克思主义总体性的重要意义;而另外一些理论家如阿多诺、霍克海默、本雅明、沃尔普则认为这种错综复杂的多价概念是颇有问题的(袁文彬,2015:158-159)。此外,总体性也是统计的一个重要特点。所谓总体性,是指统计是从整体上反映和分析事物数量特征,而不是着眼于个别事物,因为事物的本质和发展规律只有从整体上观察,才能作出正确的判断(总体性.via:http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%80%A7)。

定义来源

[1] 陈慧平.人•时间•辩证法:中国道路的哲学基础探原[M].广西师范大学出版社,2015.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[3] 袁文彬.马克思主义和语言问题:詹明信的文学批判[M].中山大学出版社,2015.
[4] 总体性.via:http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%80%A7.

例句

1. 大家都知道,早期的西方马克思主义者卢卡奇、葛兰西和柯尔施等人,诚然在进行其哲学理论重建的同时也隐性地确证历史主体性,如用总体性、物化、实践哲学和主客体辩证法等规定来张扬马克思主义哲学中的主体向度,但由于马克思的大量早期论著在当时并没有出版,所以他们的研究思路基本上还是从马克思后来的成熟文本(如《共产党宣言》、《资本论》等)出发的。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:4-5

1. Early Western Marxists such as Lukacs, Gramsci and Korsch, while sincerely restructuring their philosophical theories, nevertheless tacitly confirmed the subjectivity of history, using qualifications such as the totality, reification, practical philosophy, and the dialectic of subject and object to publicize the subjective aspects of Marxist philosophy. However, because most of Marx’s early works were not published at the time, these Western Marxists were forced to rely on Marx’s later mature works (such as The Communist Manifesto and Capital). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: xxiv.

2. 应该指出,一旦恩格斯抓住资本这个重要的经济学规定,那么必将使他的批判处于一个极重要的前沿地带。从资本与劳动的对立出发,实际上也是从生产出发,这个论点的理论意义远在对分配领域中劳动与财富、劳动与货币关系的批判的意义之上。面对这种本质分裂,恩格斯仍然坚持辩证的统一总体性。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:127

2. As soon as Engels grasped the importance of capital as a crucial economic qualification, his criticism took an important step forward relative to his contemporaries. By basing his argument on the antithesis between capital and labor—we could also base the argument on production—the theoretical significance of Engels’ argument becomes much greater than that of previous critiques of the relationships between labor and wealth, as well as criticisms of labor and money in distribution. Confronted with this essential split, Engels still maintained the unified totality of the dialectic. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 87.

3. 我觉得,阿多诺的理论运思常常是大气的。拒绝本体论和杂碎体系总体化不是一个口号,而是直接贯穿和实现在他的具体理论运作之中。¾¾《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:19.

3. In my view, Adorno’s theoretical thinking is usually of grand scale. His opposition to ontology and crush of system’s totality is far more than a slogan, for it is practiced all through his theoretical operation. –Quoted from A Deep Plough:Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011:38.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文从总体性这一传统哲学的基本认识论入手,聚焦于研究著名西方马克思主义理论家詹姆逊的多元总体性理论,揭示了他对于黑格尔、马克思、萨特、卢卡契和阿尔都塞等人的总体性理论的吸收和借鉴,阐述了他在总体性理论指导之下作出的关于后现代文化文学现象的分析和判断,建构和发展起来的文学批评理论,以及对于第三世界文学的评价和定性。——《詹姆逊的总体性观念与文化批评阐释》,苏州大学博士学位论文,2015
This dissertation focuses on the theory of multi-totality by Fredric Jameson, the famous western Marxist, from the perspective of traditional epistemology of totality, disclosing hi sabsorption and incorporation of the theories of Hegel, Marx, Sartre, Lukacs, and Althusser.

例句 2:
在西方马克思主义辩证法的演进过程中,卢卡奇的总体性辩证法、阿多诺的否定辩证法和奥尔曼的内在关系辩证法是最具有代表性的三种观点。——《西方马克思主义辩证法的演进逻辑》,三峡大学硕士学位论文,2012
Lukacs’ Dialectics of Totality, Adorno’s Dialectics of Negative and Ollman’s Dialectics of Internal Relations serve as the most important representatives in the process of evolution of the Western Marxist Dialectics.

例句 3:
匈牙利著名学者卢卡奇于20世纪20年代写作完成的《历史和阶级意识》,对于马克思主义的所起的开拓作用是多方面的,其中最为重要的是提出了马克思主义的总体性思想。——《卢卡奇“总体性”思想初探》,四川外语学院硕士学位论文,2010
The work History and Class Consciousness, which was finished by famous Hungary scholar Lukacsin 1920s, has developed the Marxism in various aspects, of which the most important one is the proposal of the totality ideology of the Marxism.

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更新时间:2024/11/5 5:33:20