字词 | 两重性 |
释义 | 两重性【英】duality译文来源Lukács, G. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics [M]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1968: 135. 定义两重性亦“两极性”,是事物所固有的矛盾性,是毛泽东对事物都是对立统一的客观实际的概括。任何事物都包含着自身的矛盾,都有的对立和统一的两种属性,所以毛泽东指出:“世界上一切事物无不具有两重性”(毛泽东,1991:1088)。对于两重性,首先应认识到,两重性是普遍存在的。事物的矛盾各有其特点,事物的两重性也各不相同。在无机界中,矛盾运动表现在吸引和排斥的相互作用中。磁有南极和北极;电有正电和负电;化学中有化合和分解。在有机界中,矛盾运动表现为同化和异化、遗传和变异。在社会领域中,两重性表现为生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾。而帝国主义和一切反动派的两重性是真老虎和纸老虎(高清海,1988:338)。其次,对立的两极在一定条件下可以相互转化。恩格斯说:“一切差异都在中间阶段融合,一切对立都经过中间环节而互相过渡”(中共中央编译局,2012:535)。对立两极相互转化的条件是具体的。对立两极转化的根据就在于事物内部的矛盾性。事物内部矛盾斗争发展到激化状态会引起对立面的转化。再次,对待事物的两重性一定要实事求是,对事物的具体情况进行具体的分析,以得出正确的认识以指导行动(黄楠森,1993:618)。 定义来源[1] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第四卷)[C].人民出版社,1991. 例句1. 我们在看来是纯认识论的创造问题上,在关于“活动”主体,关于被统一地把握的现实的“创造者”的一系列问题上,所遇到的二律背反这时就显示了它自己的社会基础。普列汉诺夫的论述同样清楚地指出了直观的原则和(个体的)实践原则的两重性是通向这种二律背反的。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996: 209 1. This throws light on the social reality underlying the antinomy which we encountered in the-seemingly-purely epistemological problem of production, in the systematic question of the subject of an ‘action’, of the ‘creator’ of a unified reality. Plekhanov’s account shows no less clearly that the duality of the contemplative and the (individual) practical principles which we saw as the first achievement and ad the starting-point for the later development of classical philosophy, leads towards this antinomy. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectic, 1968: 135. 2. 同世界上一切事物无不具有两重性(即对立统一规律)一样,帝国主义和一切反动派也有两重性,它们是真老虎又是纸老虎。——《毛泽东选集(第四卷)》,1991:1191-1192 2. Just as there is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature (this is the law of the unity of opposites), so imperialism and all reactionaries have a dual nature — they are real tigers and paper tigers at the same time. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 4), 1961: 98. 3. 马克思责备黑格尔(还以甚至更强烈的口吻责备回到了康德和费希特的黑格尔后继者)未能真正克服思维和存在、理论和实践、主体和客体的两重性。他认为,据称是历史过程内部的真正辩证法的黑格尔辩证法仅仅是一种假象:在关键的地方,黑格尔未能超过康德。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:65 3. Marx reproached Hegel (and, in even stronger terms, Hegel's successors who had reverted to Kant and Fichte) with his failure to overcome the duality of thought and being, of theory and practice, of subject and object. He maintained that Hegel's dialectic, which purported to be an inner, real dialectic of the historical process, was a mere illusion: the crucial point he failed to go beyond Kant. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 16. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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