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字词 劳动工具
释义

劳动工具【英】

instrument of labour; tool of labour; means of labour

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 494.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1977: 477.

定义

劳动工具又称生产工具,是人们在生产过程中用来直接对劳动对象进行加工的物件。在生产力中,劳动工具是重要的因素,劳动工具是置于劳动者与原材料、能源、信息等物体之间,把劳动者的活动传导到它们之上的中介体。马克思把它看作是人类劳动力发展的测量器,也是劳动借以进行的社会关系的指示器。劳动工具是有用性和变用性的统一。“劳动工具首先是人的器官的延长和改造,因而它和人的劳动器官一样,能够为人们获取一定的物质生活资料,这就构成了劳动工具的有用性。劳动工具的这种有用性,一方面表明劳动工具和人的劳动器官在形态上有等一的性质。所不同的是,劳动器官转化为工具,使有机体变成了“无机物”,活的变成了死的,随时都可活动变化的东西变成了相对稳定的东西。另一方面表明,它们在职能上有等一性,都能从自然界中分析、提取出“为我之物”,即一定的必需的物质生活产品。其次,劳动工具随着劳动过程的进行或重复而不断变革。这种变革首先是在工具的一定质料基础上进行的构造形式的变革如石刀,处于父系氏族社会时龙山文化的与处于母系氏族社会时仰韶文化的相比,其刃部加宽变长,较前锋利多了。这样的变革终会受到劳动工具质料的限制,这时人们就在工具的一定构造形式上进行质料的变换,如铜刀代替石刀等。不论构造形式还是质料,劳动工具的变革总是和不同的制作方法联系在一块的,这就构成了劳动工具的变用性”(周守印,1990:57-58)。

定义来源

周守印.试论劳动工具的性质及其发展[J].新疆石油教育学院学报,1990(2).

例句

1. 此时,马克思开始持有了经济学上的重要认识,他入木三分地指出:资本也是一种社会生产关系。这是资产阶级的生产关系,是资产阶级社会的生产关系。构成资本的生活资料、劳动工具和原料,难道不是在一定的社会条件下,不是在一定的社会关系下生产出来和积累起来的吗?难道这一切不是在一定的社会条件下,在一定的社会关系内被用来进行新生产的吗?——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:387

1. Here Marx begins to come to several important economics understandings. He points out: Capital also is a social relation of production. It is a bourgeois relation of production, a relation of production of bourgeois society. The means of subsistence, the instruments of labour, the raw materials, of which capital consists—have they not been produced and accumulated under given social conditions, within definite special relations? Are they not employed for new production, under given special conditions, within definite social relations? -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 494.

2. 上帝创造了宇宙和天赋的国王,把比较细小的事情交给了世人。甚至连“武器”和陆军中尉的军服也是用人间的方法制造的。可是人间的生产不同于天上的事情,决不能无中生有。人间的生产需要原料、劳动工具和工资,所有这些总起来说就是生产费用。这些生产费用国家靠捐税来抵偿,而税收的来源是国民的劳动。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第五卷)》,1958:511

2. After God had created the world and the kings by the grace of God, he relinquished the smaller industry to human beings. Even "weapons" and lieutenants' uniforms are manufactured by profane methods and the profane method of manufacturing does not create from nothing as the heavenly industry does. It needs raw materials, the tools of labour and wages, all items which are summed up by the unpretentious term: production costs. These production costs are defrayed for the state by taxes and the taxes are raised by the work of the nation. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 477.

3. 按照当时家庭内的分工,丈夫的责任是获得食物和为此所必需的劳动工具,从而,他也取得了劳动工具的所有权;在离婚时,他就随身带走这些劳动工具,而妻子则保留有她的家庭用具。所以,根据当时社会的习惯,丈夫也是食物的新来源——家畜的所有者,而后来又是新的劳动工具——奴隶的所有者。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:511

3. According to the division of labour then prevailing in the family, the procurement of food and the means of labour necessary thereto, and therefore, also, the ownership of the latter, fell to the man; he took them with him in case of separation, just as the woman retained the household goods. Thus, according to the custom of society at that time, the man was also the owner of the new sources of food—the cattle—and later, of the new means of labour—the slaves. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 164.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
他从马克思劳动模式生产理论出发,一方面肯定马克思劳动观的劳动主体与劳动客体即自然界的内在统一的理论内涵,但另一方面又认为马克思劳动观将劳动视为单纯劳动工具的实施,是单纯的劳动工具与自然劳动对象的相互作用过程,无法涵盖全部劳动解放的内涵。——《哈贝马斯对马克思劳动观基础的置换与重构》,沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文,2015
Proceeding from Marxist labor model production theory, on the one hand, he affirms the labor subject and the labor object of Marx’s view of labor i.e. the theoretical connotation of the intrinsic unification of nature; On the other hand, he believes that Marx’s labor view treats labor as merely the practice of labor tools as interactively an process between the simple labor tools and the natural labor object, which is not in the position of containing the whole contents of labor liberation.

例句 2:
第一章,通过对史诗《格萨尔》中生产资料内容的分析和总结,将史诗中的生产资料归类为三种:即自然资源类的生产资料、畜牧类的生产资料、劳动工具类的生产资料。——《哈贝马斯对马克思劳动观基础的置换与重构》,沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文,2015
The first chapter, By analyzing and summarizing the content of the means of production in the epic, classify it into 3 kinds: Namely means of production of natural class, means of production of stock breeding class, means of production of labor instrument class.

例句 3:
教育劳动工具包括“人”和“物”两类。“人”以“教师”为典型,“物“以”教材“为代表。——“教育劳动工具的德性探析”,载于《乐山师范学院学报》2014年第7期
Education labor tools mainly include “physical tools” and “human tools”: the former represented by “teaching material”, and the latter represented by “teac

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