两分法【英】

bisection; dichotomy; splitting one into two

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典（修订本）[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：852.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998, 178.
[3] The Centre’s Instruction On Learning From Each Other And Overcoming Complacency And Conceit . via:
http://marxists.anu.edu.au/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_09.htm

定义

两分法亦译“两段法”。有三种释义：（1）古希腊哲学家芝诺认为运动是不存在的，由于一个运动的物体在达到目的地以前必须先达到全路程的一半。其论证是建立在无限可分的基础上，认为如果有运动，那就是某物在有限的越过了无限系列的点。这种两分的过程是没有限度的，因为任何量度都含有无限数的一半，每个一半又有它的一半。因此，一个越过了有限距离的物体，等于说它在有限的时间内（即在它实际上越过了一段距离的时间内）越过了无限数的一半。芝诺认为这是不可能的，因为实际上不可能在有限的时间内完成无限的系列。芝诺的错误在于只看到运动经历时间和空间的间断性，没有看到连续性。（2）在逻辑学上，两分法指一种特殊的划分。把一个母项划分为两个在外延上互相否定的子项，其中一个子项具有某种属性，另一个子项不具有这种属性。两分法以对象是否具有某种属性作为划分的标准。因此，当重点考察母项概念所反映的某部分对象和为了突出其中的某种属性时，用两分法是简便可行的。两分法的两个子项是有矛盾关系的，因此，两分法总是合乎子项不相容、子项之和穷尽母项、根据同一划分标准这些划分规则的，这是两分法的优点。其缺陷在于指出其中一个子项缺乏某种属性，而该子项究竟具有哪些属性则不明确（金炳华，2001：852）。（3）毛泽东对对立统一辩证思想方法的通俗表述。要求对人、对事、对己坚持辩证分析态度，分清主流和本质。坚持两分法，就是坚持辩证分析方法（巢峰，1993：637）。“一个共产党人必须具备对于成绩与缺点、真理与错误这个两分法的马克思主义辩证思想”（毛泽东，1999：348）。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典（修订本）[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 巢峰.毛泽东思想大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，1993.
[3] 毛泽东.毛泽东文集（第八卷）[C].人民出版社，1999.

例句

1. 这样，卢卡奇为何极其重视正确的方法论的原因也就很清楚了。的确，他多少有点不顾自己曾强调过概念的整体性和易变性，而提出在马克思的命题和他的方法之间存在着一种严格的两分法。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2005：170

1. It thus becomes c1ear why Lukács set great store by the correct methodology. Indeed––somewhat ignoring his own emphasis on totality and the fluidity of concepts––he posited a rigid dichotomy between the theses of Marx and his method. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 178.

2. 中央多次对同志们提出这个问题，认为一个共产党人必须具备对于成绩与缺点、真理与错误这个两分法的马克思主义辩证思想。事物（经济、政治、思想、文化、军事、党务等等）总是作为过程而向前发展的。而任何一个过程，都是由矛盾着的两个侧面互相联系又互相斗争而得到发展的。这应当是马克思主义者的普通常识。但是，中央和各地同志中，有许多人却很少认真地用这种观点去思索去工作。他们的头脑，长期存在着形而上学的思想方法而不能解脱。所谓形而上学，就是否认事物的对立统一、对立斗争（两分法）、矛盾着对立着的事物在一定条件下互相转化走向它们的反面，这样一个真理；就是人们固步自封、骄傲自满，只见成绩，不见缺点，只愿听好话，不愿听批评话，自己不愿意批评（对自己的两分法），更怕别人批评。——《毛泽东文集（第八卷）》，1999：348

2. The Centre has more than once raised this problem to our comrades: a communist must have at his disposal the Marxist dialectical method of ‘splitting one into two’: achievements and shortcomings, truth and mistakes. All matters (economic, political, ideological, cultural, military, party, and etc.) are always in a process of development; this is common sense to a Marxist. However, many of our comrades in the Centre and regions do not use this method of thinking and working. There is a formal logic deeply planted in their minds which they cannot uproot. Formal logic denies the unification of the opposites of things, the contradiction of opposites (‘splitting one into two’), and under given conditions the transformation of one pair of opposites into another. Therefore, these comrades become complacent, conceited, observant of achievements only, blind to weaknesses, capable of hearing only favourable words but not criticisms, unwilling to criticize themselves (i.e. splitting into two), and afraid of other people’s criticism. -Quoted from The Centre’s Instruction On Learning From Each Other And Overcoming Complacency And Conceit . via: The Centre has more than once raised this problem to our comrades: a communist must have at his disposal the Marxist dialectical method of ‘splitting one into two’: achievements and shortcomings, truth and mistakes. All matters (economic, political, ideological, cultural, military, party, and etc.) are always in a process of development; this is common sense to a Marxist. However, many of our comrades in the Centre and regions do not use this method of thinking and working. There is a formal logic deeply planted in their minds which they cannot uproot. Formal logic denies the unification of the opposites of things, the contradiction of opposites (‘splitting one into two’), and under given conditions the transformation of one pair of opposites into another. Therefore, these comrades become complacent, conceited, observant of achievements only, blind to weaknesses, capable of hearing only favourable words but not criticisms, unwilling to criticize themselves (i.e. splitting into two), and afraid of other people’s criticism. -Quoted from The Centre’s Instruction On Learning From Each Other And Overcoming Complacency And Conceit . via: http://marxists.anu.edu.au/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_09.htm

网络参考例句

例句 1：
对日“两分法”源于“统一战线”策略，形成于抗日战争时期，但在20世纪50年代中期定型的广义“两分法”在内涵、目的、运用方法上与之前有明显区别。——“对日‘两分法’过时了吗？——历史沿革、内涵变迁及其与时俱进之探讨”，载于《日本学刊》2014年第4期
The “dichotomy” in China’s policy towards Japan was derived from the tactics of building a united front in the period of China’s Anti - Japanese War; however, the “dichotomy” in a broad sense settled in the mid - 1950s is significantly different from that before in its connotation, aim and method.

例句 2：
一些文化人类学家认为当前文化发展有三种趋势：一是不同文化的沟通导致文化之间日趋融合；二是由不同成分组成的异质性全球文化体系正在形成；三是文化的复杂性在不断增加。这三种趋势对文化两分法提出了挑战与质疑。——“全球化视野中的文化两分法”，载于《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2006年第8期
Some cultural anthropologists hold that the current cultural development represents three trends: (a) cultural incorporation as a result of communication among different cultures, (b) the emergence of a global cultural system of heterogeneous components, and (c) the increase in cultural complication. These trends pose both challenge and question to the traditional cultural dichotomy.

例句 3：
为验证CT值推导人体组织化学组成两分法的有效性，文章根据γ光子与物质相互作用原理构造E-μρ函数模型，通过线性回归分析方法拟合出人体各主要元素以及人体各组织的E-μρ函数系数，并分别进行人体组织E-μρ函数模型系数验证和人体组织组成成分质量百分比验证。验证结果表明，E-μρ函数模型对两分法的验证结果数据拟合程度高,最大误差低于10%，证明两分法根据CT值推导人体组织化学组成的方法是有效的。——“CT值推导人体组织化学组成两分法的理论函数模型验证”，载于《原子能科学技术》2006年第3期
In order to verify the validity of dichotomy method to convert CT numb