分配公平【英】

distributive justice; distribution justice

译文来源

[1] Distributive justice. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_justice
[2] 刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994：71.

定义

分配公平是一个含义较窄的概念，它的另一名称是经济公平。它包括社会中所有经济关系的公平，包括生产合作、消费品交易、公共产品的供应等，最主要的是从这些交换特别是自愿交易中互惠互利。而分配公平，是影响分配安排中的公平，按那些参加者的角度，根据他们各自的努力、付出、机会成本和贡献的大小，在他们之间分配是实现公平。在早期，分配公平的讨论倾向于强调个人对那些与之做交易的人的责任。因此，一个雇主或是公平，或是不公平的，困难在于划定雇主公平的界限。随着政府再分配效力的增强和经济自由的扩大，强调的重点转向了中央政府的分配职责。让厂商和家庭追求他们自身的利益，同时政府在它的能力范围之内进行分配，分配公平这样就在很大程度上与进行再分配的税收和津贴有关。津贴可采取如对教育和职业培训的公共支出的方法，也可采取对劳动力或低工资劳动力的工作发放现金补贴的方法。这可以发给雇主去分配，也可以直接分给雇员。在国际贸易领域内也存在着分配公平问题，南北问题中，南方的贫困国家认为北美和欧洲的富国应通过更合理的国际贸易机制，使南方从贸易中得到应有的份额。因此，分配不仅是经济问题，也是政治和哲学问题（刘伟，1994：71）。

定义来源

刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994.

例句

1. 分配公平对不同社会发展阶段、不同经济制度的国家,具有不同的内涵。世界上没有一个通用的分配公平模式，人类对分配公平的追求却一刻也没有停止过。中国共产党以追求公平而建国，从新中国建立一直到年改革开放之前,虽然我们提倡的是按劳分配,但在实践中占统治地位的却是以各种平均主义为特征的分配公平。这种分配的结果，抑制了劳动者的生产积极性，损害了社会生产效率,导致了社会的普遍贫穷。改革开放以后，我国放弃了这种分配方式，实行以按劳分配和按生产要素分配相结合的分配方式，虽极大地调动了人们的工作积极性，促进了生产力的发展,但随之而来的是收入分配差距不断拉大。于是,许多学者开始从不同角度、不同层面对我国现阶段的收入分配差距状况进行具体研究，并为解决我国收入分配差距实现分配公平做出了很多贡献。——《构建和谐社会的分配公平问题研究》，2010：I

1. Distributive justice possesses different connotations for countries with different economics systems and at different social development stages. There is not a common pattern being applied universally in the world, while human beings have never stopped to pursue it. Communist Party of China built a country for justice. From the foundation of People’s Republic of China to the reforming and opening in 1978, although the distribution rule regarding one’s performance had been promoted, the assignment taking various equalitarianism and impartial characteristic had been a dominant position in practice. It resulted un that the laborers’ enthusiasm for production had restrained, social production efficiency had been damaged, and social poverty had been brought about. After the reform and opening policy, our country has been abandoned this mode of distribution, and put another mode into effect of combining remuneration according to work and production factors. It has mobilized people’s enthusiasm for production and promoted for production and promoted the development productivity, but the income gap has come to be an unceasingly maximum field. Therefore, from different angles and sides a lot of scholars have started to carry out concrete researches on the income distribution gap of our country and gained some brand-new problem theoretically and practically. Based on this, an effect to provide some reference and lessons in socialism distribution justice with Chinese characteristics is made from the multidisciplinary, many angle and multilayer. -Quoted from Research On Problems for Distribution Justice in a Harmonious Society, 2010: III.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
对比分析瑞典和我国社会保障制度调节收入再分配的效果，发现我国社会保障在调节收入再分配方面存在覆盖面不足、支出水平偏低、筹资模式不合理和发展不平衡等诸多问题，未来需要逐步提高社会保障覆盖面、加大财政对社会保障的投入力度、完善社会保障筹资模式与逐步缩小社会保障差距，以发挥社会保障对收入再分配的正向调节作用，从而逐步缩小收入分配差距，促进社会的和谐与稳定。——“瑞典社会保障制度调节收入再分配对我国的启示”，载于《西安财经学院学报》2013年第6期
Compared with the effect of Sweden and China’s social security system adjust national income redistribution ,found that China’s social security regulates income redistribution exist many problems ,such as inadequate coverage ,low level of expenditure , the mode of financing unreasonable and unbalanced development and so on .It is need to gradually improve the coverage of social security ,increase financial input into social security ,improve the social security financing model and gradually reduce social security gap in the future ,in order to play the positive adjustment function of social security on income redistribution ,so as to gradually narrow the income distribution gap ,promote social harmony and stability .

例句 2：
构建住房相对剥夺感指标，评价中国城镇居民家庭住房分配公平的状况，并分析区域间住房分配公平程度的差异。——“基于相对剥夺感指标的住房分配公平评价”，载于《建筑经济》2016年第7期
The paper constructs the housing relative deprivation index for evaluating the degree of housing distribution fairness among China’s urban households, and analyzes regional differences of housing distribution fairness.

例句 3：
研究发现,大城市居民对主