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字词 正当
释义

正当【英】

legitimacy; legality; righteousness; legitimate (adj.)

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:673.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 391.

定义

正当,体现道德行为的规定性的范畴,是一种道德评价用语。所谓“正当”,意指符合一定的道德、法律、政治或科学规范的思想和行为。与“正当”相似的另一个范畴是“应当”,但“正当”不等于“应当”,二者既有联系又有区别,“从道德境界的角度看,‘正当’只是较为基本的道德要求;而‘应当’则要求人们的行为不仅合于现实的道德规范,而且具有对理想的价值追求,因而属于更高的道德层次。”(金炳华,2003:673)。所以,一般说来,凡是符合“应当”的行为都是“正当”的。受时代、民族和阶级的制约,不同时代、民族和阶级对事物的正当性具有不同的评价标准,某种行为在某一时代、民族和阶级中是正当的,但在另一时代、民族和阶级中可能是不正当,甚至是犯罪的。在阶级社会中,受一定的阶级利益的影响和制约,一行为是否正当主要在于是否符合统治阶级利益和社会进步的要求。在社会主义社会中,“凡是符合社会主义法律、道德、政策的行为,都是正当的行为”(金炳华,2003:673)。在具体的道德生活中,评价行为正当与否往往直接依据从一定社会或一定阶级的利益中引申出来的道德原则和规范,凡是符合社会道德原则和规范的最低要求,不损害他人和社会利益的行为即是正当行为。马克思主义哲学则认为,只有建立在对客观必然性的正确认识基础上的行为才是正当的。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 安全应该是平等的。各国都有平等参与地区安全事务的权利,也都有维护地区安全的责任。任何国家都不应该谋求垄断地区安全事务,侵害其他国家正当权益。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:355

1. Security must be equal. Every country has the equal right to participate in the security affairs of the region as well as the responsibility for upholding regional security. No country should attempt to dominate regional security affairs or infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of other countries. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 391.

2. 秉持亲诚惠容的周边外交理念,与地区国家持久和平相处、联动融合发展。深化南南合作、促进共同发展,维护发展中国家正当合法权益。建设性参与解决全球性和热点问题。加快海外利益保护能力建设,切实保护我国公民和法人安全。中国愿与国际社会一道,为人类和平与发展事业不懈努力!——《2016年政府工作报告》

2. Guided by the policy of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness in developing relations with our neighbors, we will work with other countries in our region to maintain lasting peaceful relations and coordinated and integrated development. We will help deepen South-South cooperation, promote common development, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries. We will participate constructively in solving global and sensitive issues. We will move faster to strengthen our capacity for safeguarding China’s overseas interests and protect the safety of Chinese nationals and legal persons. China will work tirelessly with the rest of the international community to promote the peace and development of all of humanity. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

3. 阿多诺对否定的辩证法之描述就这么简单,说到底,它实际上只是一种理论姿态(不能是一种立场),一种空灵的精神(不能是一个逻辑构架),一种纯批判的“上帝之城”,它根本无法回落到现实的土地上,可是,为了证明自己与一切唯心主义的异质性,阿多诺还得表明一个基本观点,即否定的辩证法概念与范畴的现实正当性。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:47

3. Adorno’s description of Negative Dialectics is as simple as that. It is after all a theoretical posture (not a stand), a vacant spirit (not a logical framework), a purely critical “City of God,” and thus can never settle down on the land of reality. Nevertheless, in order to show his difference from all idealisms, Adorno has to demonstrate a basic viewpoint, that is, the practical legitimacy of concepts and categories of Negative Dialectics. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 76-77.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
差别原则表面上看是对弱者的偏爱,实际上却是着眼于人类整个政治共同体的合法性与正当合理性的维续,明确了正当对于善的优先性,驳斥了功利主义对个体自由的工具化倾向,并对善的分配方式给予了充分关注。——“罗尔斯正义理论拒斥功利主义的伦理反思”,载于《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2011年第4期
The difference principle is outwardly the preference to the weak, but it actually focuses on the ligitimacy of the human community and the political legitimacy of the continuation, makes clear the priority of the legitimacy for the good, refutes the tendency of instrumentalism and the utilitarianism to the individual freedom, and pays full attention to the distribution of the good.

例句 2:
本文认为,不能仅仅在实践主体性意义上贬低自然,也要肯定作为正当性和合理性意义上的两种“自然”。——“回归自然与超越自然:重思:‘自然历史过程’”,载于《哲学研究》2016年第7期
We couldn't depreciate only the nature in the sense of practical subjectivity, but also appreciated the legitimacy and rationality of two concepts of nature as follows.

例句 3:
哈贝马斯(J. Habermas)的程序主义法正当性理论代表着当代法哲学与法社会学理论中针对法正当性这一古典问题的崭新尝试。——“哈贝马斯程序主义法正当性理论的背景与基础”,载于《学术研究》2014年第8期
Harbermas’ legal legitimacy theory of process justice is the new theory on the subject of the legitimacy of law.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:41:12