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字词 小资产阶级
释义

小资产阶级【英】

the petty bourgeoisie

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 288.

定义

小资产阶级,主要是指有一定的生产资料或者小量的财产,一般不受别人剥削,同时也不剥削别人,主要依靠自己劳动为生的阶级。毛泽东在《中国社会各阶级的分析》分析了当时中国社会的阶级成份,指出“小资产阶级。如自耕农,手工业主,小知识阶层——学生界、中小学教员、小员司、小事务员、小律师,小商人等都属于这一类”(毛泽东,1991:5)。小生产经济也包括了自耕农和手工业主所经营的。毛泽东根据小资产阶级内各阶层所处的经济地位,将其分为三个部分。第一部分是“有余钱剩米的,即用其体力或脑力劳动所得,除自给外,每年有剩余”(毛泽东,1991:5)。这种人主要是指他们的经济地位和中产阶级接近,希望达到中产阶级地位,希望发财,常常拜赵公元帅,他们羡慕受人尊敬的小财东,但是他们怕官、胆子小,对于革命采取怀疑态度。这种人在小资产阶级中占的比例小,是小资产阶级的右翼。第二部分是“在经济上大体上可以自给的”(毛泽东,1991:5)。这部分人也想发财,但是总不能达愿,在当时还遭到了帝国主义、军阀、封建地主、买办大资产阶级的压迫和剥削,生活必须增加劳动时间才能维持生活。他们不反对革命,对于革命采取中立态度。这种人在小资产阶级中占的比例较多,占到一半左右。第三部分是“生活下降的”(毛泽东,1991:6)。他们之前家庭比较殷实,但是却渐渐生活下降。这种人是小资产阶级的左翼,是无产阶级的可靠同盟军。小资产阶级这三部分分,对于革命的态度平时各不相同,但是到了革命潮流高潮时,不仅左派积极参加革命,中派也会参加革命,同时右派也会受到影响附和革命。在革命中,无产阶级应该对小资产阶级多加引导(顾龙生,1993:278)。

定义来源

[1] 顾龙生.毛泽东经济思想大辞典[Z].辽宁人民出版社,1993.
[2] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1991.

例句

1. 这里显然可见实现自己的价值很少决定于他,尽管他到处都可以保持他的独自性;这里和过去的论断相反,本质和现象又彼此完全隔离,这些姑且不谈,只说这里又重复了上述的我们这位乡下佬的小资产阶级的见解:“国家”要剥削他。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》:416

1. Apart from the fact that one sees here how little it depends on him to realise his value, although everywhere and at all times he can assert his peculiarity, and that here once again, in contradiction to former statements, essence and appearance are totally divorced from each other, we have again the above-mentioned petty-bourgeois view of our bonhomme that the "state" wants to exploit him. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 359.

2. 小资产阶级。如自耕农,手工业主,小知识阶层——学生界、中小学教员、小员司、小事务员、小律师,小商人等都属于这一类。这一个阶级,在人数上,在阶级性上,都值得大大注意。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:5

2. The petty bourgeoisie. Included in this category are the owner peasants, the master handicraftsmen, the lower levels of the intellectuals—students, primary and secondary school teachers, lower government functionaries, office clerks, small lawyers and the small traders. Both because of its size and class character, this class deserves very close attention. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 15.

3. 我们是革命转变论者,主张民主革命转变到社会主义方向去。民主革命中将有几个发展阶段,都在民主共和国口号下面。从资产阶级占优势到无产阶级占优势,这是一个斗争的长过程,争取领导权的过程,依靠着共产党对无产阶级觉悟程度组织程度的提高,对农民、对城市小资产阶级觉悟程度组织程度的提高。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:276

3. We are exponents of the theory of the transition of the revolution and we are for the transition of the democratic revolution in the direction of socialism. The democratic revolution will develop through several stages, all under the slogan of a democratic republic. The change from the predominance of the bourgeoisie to that of the proletariat is a long process of struggle, of struggle for leadership in which success depends on the work of the Communist Party in raising the level of political consciousness and organization both of the proletariat and of the peasantry and urban petty bourgeoisie. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 288.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
蒲鲁东的社会主义理论是典型的小资产阶级社会主义理论,主要表现为平均主义的平等观和无政府主义的自由观。——《论蒲鲁东小资产阶级社会主义》,南开大学博士学位论文,2012
The socialism theory of Proudhon is regarded as a typical socialism theory of the petty bourgeoisie, which manifests as equalitarianism equality view and anarchism liberty view.

例句 2:
所以,在认识小资产阶级知识分子的概念、性质与作用时,只有充分揭示它的历史与文化的丰富复杂性,才能准确把握知识分子的多重属性,真正理解文化发展与文学创造的动力问题。——《中国现代文论中“小资产阶级知识分子”话语研究》,苏州大学博士学位论文,2015
In our exploration of the concept, the nature and the functions of petty-bourgeoisie intellectuals, only by revealing their historical and cultural complexity, can we fully understand intellectuals’ multiple properties and the drives for cultural development and literary creation.

例句 3:
城市小资产阶级是指除了农民以外的小资产阶级。他们与无产阶级、资产阶级和农民阶级相比,在半殖民地半封建的中国社会中是个十分复杂的阶级,中国共产党在领导中国革命与建设的过程中形成了一系列的关于城市小资产阶级的理论与政策。——《中国共产党关于城市小资产阶级的理论与政策研究》,东北师范大学博士学位论文,2011
The urban petty bourgeoisie is part of the petty bourgeoisie in addition to farmers. Compared with the proletariat, the bourgeoisie and the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie is a very complex class in the semi-feudal society. Chinese Communist Party has formed a series of theories and policies on the urban petty bourgeoisie in the process of Chinese revolution and construction.

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更新时间:2024/7/1 8:37:12