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字词 国家机构
释义

国家机构【英】

government department; state machinery; state organism

译文来源

[1] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 116
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 12) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1979: 99.
[3] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1978: 259.

定义

国家机构(government department, state machinery, state organism)是一定社会的统治阶级为实现其统治职能而建立起来的进行国家管理和执行统治职能的国家机关的总和。中华人民共和国的国家机构包括:全国人民代表大会;中华人民共和国主席;中华人民共和国国务院;中华人民共和国中央军事委员会;地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府;民族自治地方的自治机关;人民法院和人民检察院。国家机构的本质取决于国家的本质。国家机构实际上是掌握国家权力的阶级实现其阶级统治的工具(《国家机构》,via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5013790-5239169.html)。我国现行宪法规定:"中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民","人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会","全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关","全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权"。这些表明了全国人大的性质和地位,即最高国家权力机关和最高国家立法机关(《国家机构》,via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6447354-6661035.html)。

定义来源

[1] 国家机构.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5013790-5239169.html
[2] 国家机构.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6447354-6661035.html

例句

1. 必须适应国家现代化,总进程,提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平,提高国家机构履职能力,提高人民群众依法管理国家事务、经济社会文化事务、自身事务的能力,实现党、国家、社会各项事务治理制度化、规范化、程序化,不断提高运用中国特色社会主义制度有效治理国家的能力。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:104

1. To keep up with the overall progress in the national modernization process, we must improve the CPC’s capability for scientific, democratic and law-based governance, and enhance the efficiency of government departments. We must improve the general public’s ability to manage state, social, economic and cultural affairs in accordance with the law. In this way, Party, state and social affairs will be administered in accordance with rules, standards and procedures, and we will become better able to govern the country through the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 116.

2. 现在,英国工厂的数目空前增加,而它的官方的政党都正在完全腐烂下去,法国的全部国家机构已经变成一个巨大的进行投机活动的交易所康采恩,奥地利则处于破产前夕,积聚得到处皆是的不公平现象行将引起人民的报复,反动的列强本身利益互相冲突,俄国再一次向全世界显示出它的侵略野心,——在这样的时候,上述危机所造成的政治后果将会怎样,我们就不用多说了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第九卷)》,1961:116

2. It is unnecessary to dwell on the political consequences such a crisis must produce in these times, with the unprecedented extension of factories in England, with the utter dissolution of her official parties, with the whole State machinery of France transformed into one immense swindling and stock-jobbing concern, with Austria on the eve of bankruptcy, with wrongs everywhere accumulated to be revenged by the people, with the conflicting interests of the reactionary powers themselves, and with the Russian dream of conquest once more revealed to the world. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 12), 1979: 99.

3. 同时,奥地利的国家机构也愈来愈快地土崩瓦解。政府慌忙地企图用中央集权来阻止这一瓦解过程,结果枉费心机;解体现象已经波及该国最边缘的地区;甚至对那些作为奥地利主要支柱的最不开化的民族,对达尔马提亚、克罗地亚和巴纳特的南斯拉夫人,对“忠诚”的边境人来说,奥地利也成为极为厌恶的了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第七卷)》,1959:256

3. Simultaneously the decay of the Austrian state organism is proceeding ever more rapidly. In vain does the government counter it by means of convulsive centralisation; the disorganisation has already reached the furthest extremities of the state organism, and Austria is becoming intolerable even to the most barbaric nationalities, to the principal pillars of the old Austria, to the Southern Slavs in Dalmatia, Croatia, and the Banat, the “trusty” borderers. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10), 1978: 259.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文从考察建国以来我国制定的四部宪法,即1954年《宪法》、1975 年《宪法》、1978年《宪法》和1982年《宪法》中规定的享有宪法职权职责的组织机构的法律特性出发,提出应当使用“宪法机构”的概念来代替“国家机构”的概念表述宪法文本规定的享有宪法职权职责的组织机构的组织特征和法律特性更能突出宪法机构自身的地位与作用。——“宪法机构发展和变迁的60年——宪法文本中国家机构的特征考察”,载于《法学杂志》2014年第12期
On the basis of scrutinizing legal trait concerning the organs which can enjoy constitutional powers and responsibilities shown in four constitutions, for instance, made in 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982, the author points out it can be more explicit to express legal trait and organic characteristic of organs which can enjoy constitutional powers and constitutional responsibilities prescribed in the constitutional text, and exhibit the position and role of constitutional organizations by using the conception of ‘constitutional organizations’ to substitute that of ‘state organs’.

例句 2:
国家机构是我国宪法的最主要内容之一,国家机构组织法是宪法相关法的重要方面。——“宪法视界下的国家机构改革与组织法完善”,载于《法学论坛》2012年第2期
State organ is one of the most important content of the Constitution; the State organ law is the important aspect of the Constitutional Laws.

例句 3:
作为非国家机构的政府是同人类社会与生俱来并共始终的。在整个阶级、国家社会,国家机构的政府与非国家机构的政府也是并存互动消长的。——“论作为非国家机构的政府”,载于《江苏行政学院学报》2004年第1期
As a non-national apparatus of state, government coexists with human society. In all class and state societies, government as an apparatus of state grows and declines

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