字词 | 货币资本 |
释义 | 货币资本【英】money capital译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 469. 定义货币资本,是指以货币形式存在的资本(刘佩弦,1988:460)。货币是资本运动的出发点,但货币本身不是资本,只有在货币作为剥削手段时,货币才转化为资本。货币资本产生于资本主义以前的奴隶社会和封建社会,以高利贷资本和商人资本的形式存在。这时的货币资本依附于奴隶制和封建制生产关系,通过奴隶主和封建主来对奴隶和农奴的剩余劳动或剩余产品进行剥削,并对小生产者的剩余劳动或剩余产品进行直接的剥削(许征帆,1987:817)。在资本主义制度下,货币资本是产业资本在循环中采取的职能形式之一,其职能是通过购买生产资料和劳动力,转化为生产资本,为剩余价值的生产准备条件(刘佩弦,1988:460)。在这里,货币在流通中既执行购买手段和支付手段的职能,又执行资本的职能。单纯的货币职能转化为资本职能的根本条件是,货币购买的内容是劳动力商品,因而能够使资本家可以榨取剩余价值(许征帆,1987:817)。货币资本也是资本主义商业资本在其循环中采取的一种形式。“随着资本主义的发展,一部分货币资本从产业资本的循环中分离出来,成为独立的借贷资本”(刘佩弦,1988:460)。商业资本家以货币资本买卖产业资本家的商品,以实现产业资本的商品资本的职能。在产业资本和商业资本的循环中,有一部分货币资本暂时游离出来,并转化为借贷资本(许征帆,1987:817)。 定义来源[1] 刘佩弦.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1988. 例句1. 马克思承认,资本首先来自流通,即以货币作为自己出发点的商业资本(流通资本),这也是在资本主义经济发展最早状态中的资本的初始形式,它的进一步发展的资本形式是货币资本。可是,在我们上面讨论的纯粹流通(简单的交换价值的运动)的领域中,商业资本和货币资本本身实际上都是无法实现资本的。这也就是说,在交换中出现的东西,商品、货币(资本)并不是流通过程创造出来的,流通不过是一种表象。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,200:592 1. Marx admits that capital first comes from circulation, i.e., from commercial capital (capital in circulation) that takes money as its own starting point. This is the first form of capital in the earliest state of capitalist economic development; the next form of capital in its development is money capital. However, in the realm of pure circulation that we have been discussing (the movement of simple exchange value), commodity capital and money capital themselves are both unable to realize capital. This means that for the things that appear in exchange, such as commodities and money (capital) are not created by the process of circulation; circulation is only a surface-level phenomenon. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 469. 2. 文明时代所由以开始的商品生产阶段,在经济上有下列特征:(1)出现了金属货币,从而出现了货币资本、利息和高利贷;(2)出现了作为生产者之间的中介阶级的商人;(3)出现了土地私有制和抵押制;(4)出现了作为占统治地位的生产形式的奴隶劳动。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:200 2. The stage of commodity production, with which civilization began, is marked economically by the introduction of 1) metal money and, thus, of money capital, interest and usury; 2) the merchants acting as mediating class between producers; 3) private ownership of land and mortgage; 4) slave labour as the prevailing form of production. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 274. 3. 可是,如果一个叫做亚里士多德的“人”竟擅自发现货币流通的两种不同形式,一种是货币执行着单纯流通手段的职能,另一种是货币执行着货币资本的职能,那末这在杜林先生看来,他只是表现了“某种道德的嫌恶”。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:251 3. But when “an” Aristotle presumes to discover the two different forms of the circulation of money—the one in which it operates as a mere medium of circulation, and the other in which it operates as money capital, he is thereby—according to Herr Dühring—“only expressing a moral antipathy”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 216. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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