字词 | 价值实体 |
释义 | 价值实体【英】substance of value; value substance译文来源[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1989: 552. 定义价值实体即相同的或抽象的人类劳动。根据马克思的劳动价值理论,价值实体是凝结在商品自然体中的抽象劳动,也就是说,在为了交换而生产的商品生产过程中,人的有目的有意识的劳动,运用劳动工具,加工于劳动对象,凝结在具有一定使用价值的劳动产品之中,就构成了商品价值实体。正如马克思所讲的“使用价值或财物具有价值,只是因为有抽象人类劳动体现或物化在里面”(马克思,1975:51)。由此可见,判断一物是否具有价值实体的理论根据包括两个部分。第一,价值实体同作为商品自然体的劳动产品之间具有密不可分的关系,如果一物本身就不是劳动产品,那么抽象劳动就无法在其中凝结,它就不存在价值实体。第二,价值实体是商品交换关系赋予商品的社会属性,如果劳动产品不作为商品去交换,那么凝结在其中的抽象劳动也就没有作为价值实体存在的条件,抽象劳动就不作为价值实体而存在。通俗地讲,判断一物有无价值,一要看是不是劳动产品,二要看它是不是在不同所有者之间交换,缺乏二者之间的任何一个条件,都不能认为它具有价值实体(胡先来,李海宁,1989:22)。 定义来源[1] 马克思.资本论(第七卷)[M].人民出版社,1975. 例句1. 洛贝尔图斯先生引用了李嘉图的价值量的尺度,但是也和李嘉图一样,不研究或不了解价值实体本身;例如,他不了解原始公社这个相互联系的劳动力的共同机体中[劳动过程]的“共同”性,因而也不了解这些劳动力的劳动即劳动力的消耗的“共同”性。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:421 1. Mr. Rodbertus has the measure of the magnitude of value from Ricardo; but he himself has neither examined nor grasped the substance of value any more than Ricardo did; e.g. the "communal" character of the [labour process] in the primitive community as the common organism of the labour-powers belonging together, and hence that of their labour, i.e. the expenditure of these powers. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1989: 552. 2. 这段话的内涵倒是与马克思后来的经济学研究的论述更接近一些,因为他后来才理解到,正是由于分工与交换中一般社会劳动的物化和抽象化,价值实体才独立为货币,而当货币(物化劳动关系)在资产阶级社会生产过程中重新充当吸取活劳动的手段时,资本关系才真实地发生了。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:167 2. The implications of this line of reasoning are more similar to Marx’s later proofs based on economics research. Only later he realized that the substance of value becomes independent in the form money precisely because of the objectification and abstraction of general social labor due to both the division of labor and exchange. When money (objectified labor) becomes the means by which living labor is absorbed in the production process of bourgeois society, then the relations of capital truly appear. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 122. 3. 由于在资本主义分工的基础上,劳动(私人)不再具有直接的社会性,只有通过交换才可能被确定为一般生产要素,这种市场中的共同的劳动(抽象劳动)才构成价值实体,构成一种特殊的社会关系,它使一切劳动产品具有相同的质(商品质是不可以直接比较的),价值实体不是特殊劳动,而必然是社会一般劳动。使用价值(自然差别)与价值(经济等价)的矛盾必然导致商品与货帀的直接分立。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:526 3. On the basis of capitalist division of labor, labor (individuals) no longer possess an immediate social nature; only through exchange are they confirmed as elements of general production. This collective labor (abstract labor) forms value substance in the market, forms a special social relation. It causes all products of labor to share a common character (the character of commodities cannot be directly compared). Value substance is not special labor, but is rather social labor in general. The contradiction between value-in-use (natural differences) and value (economic value equality) necessarily leads to the direct antagonism between commodities and money. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 415. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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