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字词 社会和谐
释义

社会和谐【英】

social harmony; the harmony of society

译文来源

[1]Report on the Work of Government, 2015. viahttp://www.china.org.cn/chinese/2015-03/17/content_35077119.htm
[2]He Yiting. The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China----On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream” [M]. London: New Classic Press, 2015: 20-21.

定义

社会和谐反映在人们的意识中,是一种主观的社会和谐观念或理想。客观存在的社会和谐决定主观意识性的社会和谐观念或理想,社会和谐观念或理想等反映并反作用于客观存在的社会和谐。也就是说,社会和谐本质上是一种客观存在,但反映到意识上,则是一种主观的观念或价值取向。社会和谐包括:个人自身的和谐,人与人之间的和谐,社会各系统、各阶层之间的和谐,个人、社会与自然之间的和谐,整个国家与外部世界的和谐。中外历史上有很多关于和谐的思想。孔子面对尖锐的社会矛盾,欲以“中庸之道”化之,所谓“君子和而不同,小人同而不和”“君子中庸,小人反中庸”实际上就是强调人与人之间矛盾的调和,以求社会矛盾的缓和,进而实现社会和谐。孟子则提出了天人合一思想,实际上就是要民众服从统治者的意志和统治制度,不犯上作乱,从而维护社会的稳定与和谐。在西方哲学史上,最早明确提出和谐概念的是毕达格拉斯。在他看来,作为本原的数之间都存在一定的关系和比例,正是这些关系和比例产生了和谐,其后的赫拉克利特则在对立中谈和谐,他认为“对立的东西产生和谐,而不是相同的东西产生和谐”(朱光潜,1981:19)。总体上看,他们基本上都是依据自然现象,并通过静观、分析等方法提出自己的和谐学说。从苏格拉底开始,和谐概念被有意识地推向社会,在社会大系统中进行研究和拓展。在柏拉图的人性论中,灵魂由理性、意志和欲望三部分构成,只有当意志和欲望在理性的指导下,遵守自己的职责,实现自己的功能时,灵魂才实现了和谐。比照一个国家和社会,社会各阶层只有在具有较高智慧和理性力量的统治者的管理和指导下尽职尽责,社会才能实现和谐。马克思主义的创始人马克思和恩格斯在批判和继承前人和谐思想的基础上,提出了自己的社会和谐思想。在他们的社会和谐思想中,生产力和生产关系是影响社会和谐的根本原因,而生产力与生产关系的辩证和谐则是社会和谐的根本保证。当然,影响社会和谐的最直接原因还是阶级斗争,因为“到目前为止的一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史”(马克思,恩格斯,1972:250)。只有消除阶级和阶级斗争,才能实现对以往社会的超越,从而达到更高的和谐。实现社会和谐的力量是无产阶级,因为“只有无产阶级是真正革命的阶级”(马克思,恩格斯,1972:261)。社会主义和谐社会,是中国共产党2004年提出的一种社会发展战略目标,指的是一种和睦、融洽并且各阶层齐心协力的社会状态。2004年9月19日,中国第十六届中央委员会第四次全体会议上正式提出了“构建社会主义和谐社会”的概念。随后,在中国,“和谐社会”便常作为这一概念的缩略语。贯穿于和谐社会的理念就是双赢互利的观念。因此,也可以通俗地说,和谐社会就是双赢互利的社会,也就是使构成我们社会的各方、参与我们社会发展的各方都能双赢互利,而不是通过牺牲一方来使另一方得益。双赢互利,这是和谐社会的要旨,通过牺牲一方来使另一方得益,则是与和谐社会背道而驰的,是不可能达到社会和谐的。

定义来源

[1]朱光潜.西方美学史(上卷)[M].人民文学出版社,1981.
[2]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1972.

例句

1. 新的一年是全面深化改革的关键之年,是全面推进依法治国的开局之年,也是稳增长调结构的紧要之年。政府工作的总体要求是:高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中全会精神,贯彻落实习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,按照“四个全面”战略布局,主动适应和引领经济发展新常态,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,保持经济运行在合理区间,着力提高经济发展质量和效益,把转方式调结构放到更加重要位置,狠抓改革攻坚,突出创新驱动,强化风险防控,加强民生保障,处理好改革发展稳定关系,全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设,促进经济平稳健康发展和社会和谐稳定。——《2015年政府工作报告》

1. This coming year will be crucial for comprehensively deepening reform, the first year for fully advancing the law-based governance of the country, and a critical year for ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments. The overall requirements for the government’s work this year are as follows: hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development; comprehensively implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee; put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major speeches; act in accordance with the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; actively adapt to and guide the new normal in China’s economic development; adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while keeping performance stable; ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range; focus on strengthening the quality and benefits of economic development; give greater priority to transforming the growth model and making structural adjustments; tackle tough problems of reform head on; pursue innovation-driven development; strengthen risk prevention and control; strengthen safeguards for people’s standard of living; get the right balance between carrying out reform, pursuing development, and ensuring stability; promote all-round socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement; and achieve steady and sound economic development and ensure social harmony and stability. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2015.

2. 现在,我国面临的最根本问题,一是发展不足,历史欠账太多;二是发展不够好,科学发展亟待加强。面对新的形势,只有推动经济社会持续健康发展,才能筑牢国家繁荣富强、人民幸福安康、 社会和谐稳定的物质基础。习近平总书记强调: “发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。”这是科学总结中国特色社会主义长期实践得出的结论,是千真万确的。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》,2013:32

2. There are two most basic problems that we are faced with. First, the development is not adequate. We did not make enough development in the history. Second, the development is not satisfying. We should urgently promote the scientific development. In face of the new situation, only when we promote the sustainable and sound development of the society and the economy, could we consolidate the material basis of the prosperity of our country, the happiness of our people, as well as the harmony and stability of our society. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: “Development remains to be the key to address all problems in China.” This conclusion stems from the long-term practice of the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. It is absolutely true. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China--On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 20-21.

3. 当前,世情、国情、党情继续发生深刻变化,我们面临的发展机遇和风险挑战前所未有。全党一定要牢记人民信任和重托,更加奋发有为、兢兢业业地工作,继续推动科学发展、促进社会和谐,继续改善人民生活、增进人民福祉,完成时代赋予的光荣而艰巨的任务。——《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗——在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告》,2012

3. At present, as the global, national and our Party’s conditions continue to undergo profound changes, we are faced with unprecedented opportunities for development as well as risks and challenges unknown before. The whole Party must keep in mind the trust the people have placed in us and the great expectation they have of us. We must aim higher and work harder and continue to pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and improve the people’s lives so as to complete the glorious and arduous tasks bestowed on us by the times. -Quoted from Firmly March on the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive to complete the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Aspects--Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2012.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
在大力构建社会主义和谐社会的今天,开展党内和谐与社会和谐关系的研究,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。——《党内和谐与社会和谐的关系研究》,东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
Today, we advocate that we should build a harmonious socialist society vigorously, and carry on research the relation of social harmony and intra-party harmony, this is an important research in theoretical research and practical research.

例句 2:
党的十七大报告明确指出:“以增进党内和谐促进社会和谐”。——《以增进党内和谐促进社会和谐思想研究》,首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
17th National Congress of the CPC report is made clear pointing out: "To enhance within the party harmoniously promoting society harmoniously".

例句 3:
西方资本主义社会现代化所带来的后果引起了很多西方马克思主义理论家们的思考,这一时期的很多社会和谐思想就源于西马学者们的反思和批判。——《西方马克思主义的社会和谐思想探析》,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2013
The modernization of western society aroused many western Marxian’s attention, many social harmony theories were formed under their self-examination and criticized.

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