字词 | 自为 |
释义 | 自为【英】for itself译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 463. 定义自为,与“自在”相对,系德国黑格尔的哲学用语。指概念处于“展开”、“分化”、“对立”的状态。为概念发展的两个阶段之一。该词最早由德国沃尔弗和鲍姆加登提出。黑格尔认为,在概念的这一阶段,原先在“自在”阶段上的概念中所潜藏着的还没有内部矛盾的确定性的对立要素开始区别、分化,因而差异与对立也就显现出来,获得矛盾两方的确定性,达到互相映现其本质。在此,自为的存在是一种对自在存在的否定。自为存在一般指三段式中的中项,即概念的间接性。作为“单纯的自为存在”含有独立性。因而有的中文译本在“自为”前加了“独立”二字,表示自为是指独立自存的,而不依于别物的意思。(金炳华,2003:26) 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 应用到生命上的机械论是一个无能为力的范畴,如果我们不愿意放弃名称的全部意义,那末我们最多只能说化学论。目的:黑格尔,第5卷第205页396:“由于机械论企图把自为的自然界看作一个在它的概念上不需要任何别的东西的整体,所以机械论本身就表现为向着整体性的一种追求,而这整体性在目的中以及在和目的相联系的外部世界的悟性中是找不到的。” ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973: 550 1. Mechanism applied to life is a helpless category, at the most we could speak of chemism, if we do not want to renounce all understanding of names. Purpose: Hegel, V, p. 205: "Thus mechanism manifests itself as a tendency of totality in that it seeks to seize nature for itself as a whole which requires no other for its notion - a totality which is not found in end and the extra-mundane understanding which is associated therewith." -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 490. 2. 在这里,马克思分享了黑格尔对普通如何成为“自为的”洞见。在一定的意义上,“控制我们生活的市场关系这一抽象概念”已经达到了顶点。关于这种抽象的普遍性与当代意识形态霸权的问题,齐泽克与巴特勒和拉克劳合作写下了一本学术分量很重的对话集。并且,在今天,抽象的资本成为统治已经发展到它的最高形态了:“‘虚拟资本主义’(期货贸易和类似的抽象金融投机)的现象不就表示着最纯粹意义上‘真实抽象’的统治比其在马克思时代的情形更加彻底吗?”这是十分精辟入里的分析。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:358 2. Here Marx shares Hegel's insight into how universality becomes ‘for itself.’ To a certain extent, “the abstraction of market relations that run our lives is brought to an extreme.” (As to the universality of abstraction and current ideological hegemony, Zizek cooperated with Judith Butler and Emesto Laclau, writing an important academic book of dialogues.) In addition, the domination of abstract capital has reached its highest level: “do not phenomena usually described as those of Virtual capitalism (the futures trade and similar abstract financial speculations) indicate the reign of ‘real abstraction’ at its purest, much more radical than it was in Marx's time?’ This is also a profound analysis. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 463-464. 3. 对黑格尔来说,“自在”和“自为”这两个术语根本就不是对立的,而是相反:是必然相关的。某物只是“自在”地存在,对黑格尔来说,就意味着它只是“为我”而存在。“为我或自在”的反题是“自为”,即这样一种存在方式,在那里客体的被思维同时就意味着是客体关于自身的意识。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:205 3. For Hegel the terms ‘in itself’ and ‘for us’ are by no means opposites; in fact they are necessary correlatives. That something exists merely ‘in itself’ means for Hegel that it merely exists ‘for us’. The antithesis of ‘for us’ or ‘in itself’ is rather ‘for itself’, namely that mode of being posited where the fact that an object is thought of implies at the same time that the object is conscious of itself. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 132. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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