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字词 绝对概念
释义

绝对概念【英】

absolute concept

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 272.

定义

绝对概念是指反映具有某种性质的事物的概念,与“相对概念”相对。绝对概念和相对概念不同,它所反映的是事物的性质,而事物的性质一般是无需通过与其他事物的性质的比较而存在的。他们不需要一个和他们相互对应、相互依存的概念(冯契,2001:695)。例如,“人”就是反映具有能制造和使用生产工具这一性质的动物。而这一性质是不依赖于与某一别的对象的相比较而为人所具有的,故“人”这一概念就是无需相对于别的概念的存在而存在的绝对概念。“音乐”也是一个绝对概念,它反映具有直接表现音响的节奏和旋律美的属性的事物。其他如“学校”、“房子”、“地球”、“人类社会”、“北京”、“金缕玉衣”等等也都是绝对概念。(逻辑学辞典编辑委员会,1983:616)。

定义来源

[1] 冯契.哲学大辞典(上)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2011.
[2] 逻辑学辞典编辑委员会.逻辑学辞典[Z].吉林人民出版社,1983.

例句

1. 至于谈到我们的“唯一的”作者,很明显,他的天才的基础就是构成他的特殊的思维绝技的许多突出优点。因为]所有这些优点我们在前面已经作了详细的说明,所以这里只把其中最主要的几点简单地开列一张清单就够了:思维的肤浅、杂乱无章,不能掩饰的笨拙,无尽无休的重复,经常的自相矛盾,不成譬喻的譬喻,企图吓唬读者,用“你”“某物”“某人”这些字眼来系统地剽窃别人的思想,滥用连接词(“因为”“所以”“因此”“由于”“因而”“但是”等等),愚昧无知,拙劣的断言,庄严的轻浮,革命的词藻和温和的思想,莫知所云的语言,妄自尊大的鄙陋作风和卖弄风骚,提升听差兰特为绝对概念,依赖黑格尔的传统和柏林的方言。总之,整个四百九十一页的一部书就好像是按照朗福德的方法所煮出来的一碗淡而无味的杂碎汤。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷):德意志意识形态》,1956:305

1. [In the case of our] “unique” author, it is a matter [of course that] the basis of his [genius lies] in the brilliant [series of personal] advantages [which constitute] his special [virtuosity] of thought. [Since] all these advantages have already been extensively demonstrated, it suffices here to give a brief summary of the most important of them: carelessness of thought--confusion--incoherence--admitted clumsiness--endless repetitions--constant contradiction with himself--unequalled comparisons--attempts to intimidate the reader--systematic legacy--hunting in the realm of thoughts by means of the levers “you”, “it”, “one”, etc., and crude abuse of the conjunctions for, therefore, for that reason, because, accordingly, but, etc.--ignorance--clumsy assertions--solemn frivolity--revolutionary phrases and peaceful thoughts--bluster--bombastic vulgarity and coquetting with cheap indecency--elevation of Nante the loafer to the rank of an absolute concept--dependence on Hegelian traditions and current Berlin phrases--in short, sheer manufacture of a thin beggar's broth (491 pages of it) in the Rumford manner. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 272.

2. 黑格尔不是简单地被放在一边,恰恰相反,上面所说的他的革命方面,即辩证方法,是被当做出发点的。但是这个方法在黑格尔的形式中是无用的。在黑格尔那里,辩证法是概念的自我发展。绝对概念不仅是从来就存在的 (不知在哪里?),而且是全部现存世界的真正的活的灵魂。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:336

2. Hegel was not simply put aside. On the contrary, his revolutionary side, described above, the dialectical method was taken up. But in its Hegelian form this method was no use. According to Hegel, dialectics is the self-development of the concept. The absolute concept does not only exist--unknown where--from eternity, it is also the actual living soul of the whole existing world. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 383.

3. 这种意识形态的颠倒是应该消除的。我们重新唯物地把我们头脑中的概念看做现实事物的反映,而不是把现实事物看做绝对概念的某一阶段的反映。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:337

3. This ideological perversion had to be done away with. We comprehended the concepts in our heads once more materialistically—as images of real things instead of regarding the real things as images of some or other stage of the absolute concept. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 383.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文首先从二者自我意识观的理论源点出发进行比较:黑格尔的自我意识是从认识的感性、知觉、知性以及意识自身确定性的真理中而得,是抽象的人之表现,最终演变为理性的抽象,绝对知识的抽象而至绝对概念、绝对精神;马克思在博士论文中用原子的三种运动模式来展现自我意识的运动,用原子自身的自在自为来表现自我意识的主客同一。——《马克思与黑格尔自我意识观比较研究》,东华理工大学硕士学位论文,2015
Firstly, this paper began with comparing their theoretical source of self consciousness: Hagel’s self-consciousness is obtained from sensibility, perception and intellectuality of cognition and certainty of consciousness, which is human’s abstract performance. It eventually evolved into the abstract ration and absolute knowledge, which finally developed into absolute concept and absolute spirit. In Marx doctoral thesis, he showed self-consciousness activity by using three motion modes of atoms and explained the sameness of objective and subjective self-consciousness with atoms’ self-being and self-making.

例句 2:
通过对黑格尔的“绝对”概念和斯宾诺莎的实体学说、谢林的主客同一思想、费希特的“自我”思想内在的亲缘性进行梳理,可以使“绝对”的概念得到澄明。——“黑格尔‘绝对’概念探析——从与斯宾诺莎、费希特、谢林思想联系的角度”,载于《西南石油大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年第2期
But the definition of “absolute” can be clarified by the analysis of internal affinity among Hegel’s concept of “absolute”, Spinoza’s theory of substance, Schelling’s identical ideology of subject and object and Fichte’s self-thought.

例句 3:
在认知语法的框架下,本文认为不管从哪个标准出发,非宾格动词和非作格动词的语义都可以归结为Langacker所提出两种观察事件的视角的对立,即绝对概念观照(absolute construal)和能量概念观照(

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