结构性、输入性物价上涨【英】

structural and imported inflation

译文来源

中国译协中译英研讨会讨论成果节选[J].中国翻译，2011（4）：95.

定义

结构性物价上涨，是部分商品因市场供求波动导致价格上涨，带动社会整体CPI随之上行。在现代经济社会中，以能源、食品及基本原材料为主体的初级产品具有较大幅度的价格上涨态势，并且价格上涨在上下游的不同环节存在较大差异，主要表现为原材料、燃料、动力购进价格高于中间产品价格，而中间产品价格又高于最终产品价格。同时，各环节价格指数的内部构成也存在较大的差异，城乡和区域差别也很大。另一层内涵是：结构性物价上涨包含着价格结构的合理调整。农产品和其他资源、要素价格的合理回归(或市场矫正)是结构性物价上涨的原因之一。粮食是重要的战略物资。粮价过低，农民缺乏农业生产积极性，农业资源不能有效配置，土地生产率、劳动生产率和资源利用率都不高，农业生产能力下降，就会影响粮食安全。因此，粮食、食品价格的上涨也是维护国家经济安全的迫切要求，有助于缓解日渐扩大的城乡居民收入差距，维护社会稳定。从能源价格上涨的长期影响来看，能源成本的增加增强了企业创新的动力。能源价格上涨为产业升级和经济增长方式的转变提供了契机，增强了经济长期增长的潜力。（牛冬军，2009：2）
输入型通货膨胀，又称斯勘的纳维亚小国型通货膨胀，是指由于国外商品或生产要素价格的上涨，引起国内物价的持续上涨现象。输入型通货膨胀与开放经济有密切的关系，开放的程度越大,发生的概率越大。输入型通货膨胀的传导途径主要有三个：1、国外商品的价格传导途径；2、货币供给途径；3、成本传导途径（via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=p9EJoF9v2yJKWqjpVXfKnG4CG-sywbS9eIDn-nI1dtwbkRbWQvVjnRRvVqv7mNV4B1NABty-oXw4C2SIXfL_1QrRkFqUYWbuf13LLZeiIEP7sSyVo_Ke35f192n7uteQXW8jnBXR8fVs6O7xmiiJ0Zu3zfq1ewRGYeT_UVxNC1O）在开放经济中，由于一国经济与国际市场密切相关，当国际市场上存在通货膨胀、价格上涨的现象时，这种价格上涨通过与国际市场的联系传播到国内从而引起国内价格普遍、持续上涨，其诱因是多种多样的外部因素。（乔海曙，邓婷，2007：112-118）

定义来源

[1] 结构性物价上涨. via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=eco10hcoe9IikIb1T2HNvxBNvuwCTE2hrgda7cBYQHdXQGoq7HS7O2MTvnd1R-IY5JeafEtvFxiHjj3LJaM1I_t95EoyrqVbqTh9URYtsOfj2Bbz-5FPHzxcQZJqx6xhNg71FEPzoCwqdW-Ncm3dh8hW00PvvwzQA1h6Cjj8NZi
[2] 输入性通货膨胀.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=p9EJoF9v2yJKWqjpVXfKnG4CG-sywbS9eIDn-nI1dtwbkRbWQvVjnRRvVqv7mNV4B1NABty-oXw4C2SIXfL_1QrRkFqUYWbuf13LLZeiIEP7sSyVo_Ke35f192n7uteQXW8jnBXR8fVs6O7xmiiJ0Zu3zfq1ewRGYeT_UVxNC1O
[3] 牛冬军. 结构性物价上涨与通货膨胀分析[J]. 首都师范大学硕士学位论文，2009.
[4] 乔海曙，邓婷.我国输入性通货膨胀：形成机理与中国样本[J]，宁夏大学学报，2007

例句

1. 这里要着重说明，国内生产总值增长目标略微调低，主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接，引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来，以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右，综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力，也为价格改革预留一定空间。——《2012年政府工作报告》，2012

1. Here I wish to stress that in setting a slightly lower GDP growth rate, we hope to make it fit with targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and to guide people in all sectors to focus their work on accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making economic development more sustainable and efficient, so as to achieve higher-level, higher-quality development over a longer period of time. In projecting a CPI increase of around 4%, we have taken into account imported inflation, rising costs of factors of production, and people’s ability to absorb the impact of price increases, while leaving room for the effect of price reforms. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2012.

2. 从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。——《2012年政府工作报告》，2012

2. Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development. In addition, China’s economy is encountering new problems. There is downward pressure on economic growth. Prices remain high. Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage. It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes. Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries. Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations. Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity. Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2012.

3. 积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。——《2012年政府工作报告》，2012

3. We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2012.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
在过去的“十一五”规划中，面对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性的过剩，以及结构性、输入性的物价上涨等问题，我国采取了正确的政策措施，有效地防止了问题的扩大和恶化。——《安徽经济增长影响因素研究——基于哈罗德多马模型与双缺口模型的扩展》，安徽农业大学硕士学位论文，2011
During the past eleventh five-year plan, facing the overheated investment, trade surplus, liquidity excess, and such problems as structural price rising, China has adopted correct policy measures to prevent the problem from expanding and worsening effectively.

例句 2：
本文作者认为，自2006年以来价格水平都具有结构性上涨的特征，在本质上是一种相对价格的上涨，这些特征超越了传统的“需求拉动—供给推动”的通货膨胀分析框架，因此，治理这种结构性价格上涨就与治理一般通货膨胀的方法有本质的区别。——《结构性物价上涨与通货膨胀分析》，首都师范大学硕士学位论文，2009
The author believes that since 2006 the price level are the structural characteristics of rose, in essence, is a relative price rise, these features go beyond the traditional "demand-the supply-driven" analytical framework for inflation, therefore, This governance structure and governance prices on inflation in general essentially different methods.

例句 3：
第二，从绝对购买力平价和巴拉萨-萨缪尔森视角来看，中国在经济赶超阶段，可贸易品部门劳动生产率增长率远高于不可贸易部门以及劳动力供给拐点的出现，导致不可贸易部门（例如服务业）价格上涨较快，并造成国内结构性物价上涨和人民币实际汇率升值。——《人民币“内贬外升”的原因与机制研究》，中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文，2014
Secondly, according to Balassa-Samuelson (B-S) Effect, in the catching up stage for China economy, that the productivity of tradable sector was much higher than that of untradable sector, as were as the turning