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字词 购买力
释义

购买力【英】

purchasing power

译文来源

McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 131.

定义

购买力是指一个货币单位所能购买的商品和劳务的数量。购买力是物价指数的倒数,因此,如果五年间物价上涨一倍,五年期所发现的货币的购买力也就下降一半,由于有用来衡量初级市场价格,零食物价和整个经济的各种指标,因而计算衡量购买力的尺度也不同,由于人们通常所说的购买力,主要指居民手中货币的购买力,或消费品市场上的购买力,因此购买力指数应按生活费用价格总指数来计算(刘伟,1994:423)。
 购买力分为两种:①商品购买力。②货币购买力。商品购买力是指一定时期内用于购买商品的货币支付能力,如社会购买力、居民购买力、集团购买力等。在我国,社会购买力就是社会商品购买力,指一定时期内城乡居民和机关、团体、企业、部队、学校等单位能够用来购买商品的货币总额,包括居民购买力、集团购买力和农业生产资料购买力。居民购买力和集团购买力是用于购买消费品的货币额,故又称消费品购买力,它反映一定时期内社会上有支付能力的商品需求和国内市场容量。因此,正确计算社会购买力是编制商品流转计划和安排市场的重要依据。货币购买力是指单位货币所能买到商品或劳务的数量,它反映着货币本身价值与商品价值的对比关系。在美国,美元的购买力就是物价指数的倒数。一般说来,在货币价值不变的条件下,商品价值和劳务费用降低,货币购买力就提高;反之则降低。在商品价值不变的条件下,货币价值提高,货币购买力就提高;反之则降低。在存在通货膨胀的经济中,货币购买力多呈下降趋势(林崇德等,1994)。

定义来源

[1]刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.
[2]林崇德,姜璐,王德胜等.中国成人教育百科全书[Z].南海出版社,1994.

例句

1. 对经济发展发挥主要作用的究竟应该是农业还是工业这个问题,布哈林和季诺维也夫的看法是,农业部门购买力的提高是工业生产率提高的必要条件。相反,托洛茨基则认为,不扩大工业品的流通,粮食和原材料的生产必将下降。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:122

1. Should agriculture or industry play the leading role in economic development? Bukharin and Zinoviev took the view that an increase in purchasing power in the agricultural sector was a necessary condition for an increase in industrial productivity. Trotsky, on the other hand, thought that without an increased flow of industrial goods the production of grain and raw materials would decline. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 131.

2. 邓小平的经济改革为一九八零年代成年的中国年轻一代,创出一个全新的经济机会。这些年轻人自革命以来第一次可以自己营商,阅读外国报纸,在欧美学习研究的机会。这些在经济自由气候中培育出来的学生,当然有经济上的不满,对一九八零年代后半期急速高扬的通货膨胀尤其关心;通货膨胀确实让都市居民的购买力日益下降。——《历史的终结》,1998:208-209

2. Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform created a whole new horizon of economic opportunities for a generation of young Chinese coming of age in the 1980s, who could now start businesses, read foreign newspapers, and study in the United States and other Western countries for the first time since the revolution. The students reared in this climate of economic freedom had economic complaints, of course, particularly concerning the mounting inflation in the late 1980s that was steadily eroding the purchasing power of most city dwellers. -Quoted from The End of History and the Last Man, 1992: 179.

3. 小生产者变成雇佣工人,以其丧失生产资料——土地、劳动工具、作坊等等为前提,就是说以其“贫困化”、“破产”为前提。有一种观点认为,小生产者的破产“使居民的购买力日益缩减”,使资本主义的“国内市场日益缩小”(上引尼·—逊先生的书第185页,和第203、275、287、339-340页及其他各页。在瓦·沃·先生的大多数著作中也有同样的观点)。——《列宁全集(第三卷)》,1984:21

3. The conversion of the small producer into a wage-worker presumes that he has lost the means of production—land, tools, workshop, etc.—i.e., that he is “impoverished,” “ruined.” The view is advanced that this ruin “diminishes the purchasing power of the population,” “diminishes the home market” for capitalism (Mr. N.—on, loc. cit., p. 185. Also pp. 203, 275, 287, 339-340, etc. The same view is held by Mr. V. V. in the majority of his writings). -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1977: 41.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
他们比欧美商人更熟悉中国文化艺术,是中国书画市场中最早、购买力最强的赞助群体。——《清末民初上海画派与民间赞助》,中国人民大学博士学位论文,2008
They were more familiar with the Chinese culture than the European and American merchants, so they turned to be the earliest and the strongest purchasers in the markets of the Chinese painting and calligraphy.

例句 2:
本文通过对叶利钦时期、普京执政和梅德韦杰夫执政以来三个阶段俄罗斯经济发展状况的描述,分析了俄罗斯居民收入水平及购买力的变化情况。——《俄罗斯居民购买力状况分析》,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文,2009
By describing the economic development situation during the 3 periods of Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev administration, the paper mainly analyses the variation of Russian citizens’ income levels and consuming indexes.

例句 3:
保障水平不足,对房价的抑制不够,导致房价仍然居高不下,人们对住房的购买力仍然普遍不足等问题。——《我国保障性住房法律制度研究》,河南师范大学硕士学位论文,2012
level of protection is not enough on the suppression of prices, resulting that the prices are still high, people purchasing power is still generally inadequate housing and other issues

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更新时间:2024/11/5 5:20:27