字词 | 产业资本 |
释义 | 产业资本【英】industrial capital; production capital译文来源[1] Marx, K. & F. Engel. Marx & Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36) [C]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998: 169. 定义在资本的循环运动中,依次采取货币资本、生产资本和商品资本形式,接着又放弃这些形式,并在每一种形式中完成着相应职能的资本,就是产业资本。马克思在《资本论》中指出,“资本价值在它的流通阶段所采取的两种形式,是货币资本的形式和商品资本的形式。它属于生产阶段的形式,是生产资本的形式。在总循环过程中采取而又抛弃这些形式并在每一形式中执行相应职能的资本,就是产业资本。这里所说的产业,包括任何按资本主义方式经营的生产部门”(马克思,2004:63)。产业资本的功能有两个,一是在生产过程中创造剩余价值,二是在流通过程中实现剩余价值。所以,产业资本决定着生产的资本主义性质。在产业资本的循环运动中,资本作为一个价值,通过一系列互为条件互相联系的转化,经历了一系列的形态变化,从以资本某一形态出发,依次经历了购买阶段、生产阶段和销售阶段,并相应依次釆取了货币资本、生产资本、商品资本三种特殊的职能形式,从而实现了资本的价值增殖,并又回到了原出发点的形态(产业资本.via:http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC)。 定义来源[1] 马克思.资本论(第二卷)[M].北京人民出版社,2004. 例句1. 不管一个产业资本的构成怎样,不管它推动的是四分之一死劳动,四分之三活劳动,还是四分之三死劳动,四分之一活劳动,以致在一个场合比在另一个场合吸收大两倍的剩余劳动,生产大两倍的剩余价值,——假定劳动的剥削程度相等,并且把个别的、会自行消失的差别撇开不说,因为在这两个场合,我们所指的只是整个生产部门的平均构成,——它在这两个场合都会提供相等的利润。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五a卷):资本论》,1974:190 1. Whatever the composition of an industrial capital, whether it sets in motion one-quarter of congealed labour and three-quarters of living labour, or three-quarters of congealed labour and one-quarter of living labour, whether in one case it absorbs three times as much surplus labour, or produces three times as much surplus value than in another—in either case it yields the same profit, given the same degree of labour exploitation and leaving aside individual differences, which, incidentally, disappear because we are dealing in both cases with the average composition of the entire sphere of production. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36): Capital, 1998: 169. 2. 商人资本的独立发展与资本主义生产的发展程度成反比例;商业资本和高利贷资本愈发展,产业资本(=资本主义生产)就愈不发展,反过来说也是如此。 ——《列宁全集(第三卷)》,1984:157 2. The independent development of merchant’s capital is inversely proportional to the degree of development of capitalist production, the greater the development of merchant’s and usurer’s capital, the smaller the development of industrial capital (=capitalist production), and vice versa. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1977: 184. 3. 民粹派认为在俄国不可能发展资本主义,因为工资太低无法扩大国内市场,列宁不同意这样的看法,他论证说,俄国已经是资本主义的了。在某些地方,马克思所概述的高利贷资本和商业资本阶段早已为产业资本、即直接运用于生产系统中的资本所取代,而产业资本的下一个阶段也已出现在地平线上。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:70 3. In opposition to the Populists, who argued that capitalist development was impossible in Russia, because wages were too low to allow the home market to expand, Lenin argued that Russia was already capitalist. The stage of usury capital and merchant capital outlined by Marx had already been superseded in some places by manufacturing capital-capital applied directly to the productive system and the next stage of industrial capital was already on the horizon. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 77. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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