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字词 三大差别(即工农差别、城乡差别、脑力劳动与体力劳动的差别)
释义

三大差别(即工农差别、城乡差别、脑力劳动与体力劳动的差别)【英】

difference between industry and agriculture; difference between urban and rural areas; difference between mental and physical labour

译文来源

[1] Build a Well-off Society in an All-round Way and Create a New Situation in Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, 2002. via: http://book.theorychina.org/upload/9b5f418a-4ed3-447e-837e-faee6c1a8122/
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1986: 87.

定义

工业和农业之间、城市和乡村之间、脑力劳动和体力劳动之间的差别的简称。作为一种历史现象,它产生于原始社会向奴隶社会转化时期,随着社会生产和分工的发展,特别是生产资料私有制和阶级的出现而逐步形成。在历史上它曾促进了生产力和科学文化的发展。但在生产资料私有制为基础的社会里,这些差别常表现为剥削与被剥削、统治与被统治阶级之间的利益对立,以致对抗。在当代最发达的资本主义国家里,由于生产现代化的发展,三大差别虽有所缩小,却没有消灭,仍然继续表现为人们利益上的对抗。在社会主义社会,确立了生产资料公有制的主体地位,工业和农业间、城市和农村之间、脑力劳动和体力劳动之间的对立性矛盾不再存在,但是差别仍然存在。这种差别通常表现为人民内部矛盾,可以经过社会制度本身的及时调整而得到解决。随着社会主义社会经济、文化和科学技术的高度发展,旧社会遗留下来的三大差别,将最后得以克服和消灭(金炳华,2001:1211)。陈宗胜、武鹏指出,改革开放以来,我国经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,人民总体生活水平快速提高。但近年来,居民收入差距不断扩大,出现了一些值得关注的新现象,如由垄断产生的行业间收入差距、城乡二元分割、非法非正常收入的存在。这些现象是因为相关制度安排还不完善而产生的,可称之为收入分配领域的“三大差别”,即行业差别、制度性城乡差别、非法非正常收入导致的差别(陈宗盛等,《人民日报》2010年11月3日:第016版)。消灭工农、城乡和脑体三大差别,是中国特色社会主义社会建设的题中之义。三大差别是旧式分工和私有制发展的产物,从根本上限制了社会成员平等自由发展和自由劳动的实现。在社会建设的实践中,要消灭三大差别,必须大力发展社会主义生产,加强人民民主专政,克服传统和习惯影响,进而真正实现自由人的劳动和自由人联合体的统一,以及每个人自由而全面的发展。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 陈宗盛等.影响收入分配的“三大差别”[N].人民日报,2010年11月3日第十六版.

例句

1. 在优化结构和提高效益的基础上,国内生产总值到二〇二〇年力争比二〇〇〇年翻两番,综合国力和国际竞争力明显增强。基本实现工业化,建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制和更具活力、更加开放的经济体系。城镇人口的比重较大幅度提高,工农差别、城乡差别和地区差别扩大的趋势逐步扭转。社会保障体系比较健全,社会就业比较充分,家庭财产普遍增加,人民过上更加富足的生活。——《全面建设小康社会,开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面——江泽民总书记在中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会上的报告》,2002:22

1. On the basis of optimized structure and better economic returns, efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020, and China’s overall national strength and international competitiveness will increase markedly. We will in the main achieve industrialization and establish a full-fledged socialist market economy and a more open and viable economic system. The proportion of urban population will go up considerably and the trend of widening differences between industry and agriculture, between urban and rural areas and between regions will be reversed step by step. We will have a fairly sound social security system. There will be a higher rate of employment. People will have more family property and lead a more prosperous life.-Quoted from Build a Well-off Society in an All-round Way and Create a New Situation in Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, 2002.

2. 在共产主义社会高级阶段上,在迫使人们奴隶般地服从分工的情形已经消失,从而脑力劳动和体力劳动的对立也随之消失之后;在劳动已经不仅仅是谋生的手段,而且本身成了生活的第一需要之后;在随着个人的全面发展生产力也增长起来,而集体财富的一切源泉都充分涌流之后,——只有在那个时候,才能完全超出资产阶级法权的狭隘眼界,社会才能在自己的旗帜上写上:各尽所能,按需分配!——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:22-23

2. In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labour, and thereby also the antithesis between mental and physical labour, has vanished; after labour has become not only a means of life but life's prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all-round development of the individual, and all the springs of common wealth flow more abundantly—only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs! -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1986: 87.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
城乡一体化是人类社会进步的方向和结果。消除城乡差别、工农差别、劳力劳动与体力劳动三大差别,是科学社会主义的理论和最终目标。——《河南省新乡市城乡一体化研究》,郑州大学硕士学位论文,2009
Urban-rural integration is the direction and result of the progress of human society. To eliminate urban-rural gap, the gap between industry and agriculture, labor and manual labor, and the three major differences are the theory of scientific socialism and the ultimate goal.

例句 2:
毛泽东农村工业化思想是关于中国现代化思想的重要组成部分,它既是中国工业化道路问题的延伸和阐释,又是对解决“三农”问题的理论探索。这一理论回答了如何加速国家工业化的重大问题,同时也回答了如何加速农村、农业的发展,富裕农民的重大问题,从而也探索了缩小三大差别、平衡社会发展的重大课题。深入研究毛泽东农村工业化思想,对今天的社会主义现代化建设具有重要意义。本文引用大量的历史材料,并结合社会主义革命和建设的实际,较系统地论述了毛泽东农村工业化思想。——《毛泽东农村工业化思想研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2009
The Mao Zedong’s Thought on Rural Industrialization is an important part of China’s modernization thinking. It is the explanation and extension about China’s industrialization road,but also exploration to solve the “Three Rural Issues”. This theory mainly discuss the issue about how to reduced three wide differences and balance social development by developing the village industry, accelerating development of countryside and agriculture, and putting fanners onto the road of wealth. The Study about the Mao Zedong’s Rural Industrialization Thought plays a significant role to our socialist modernization today. The author systematically discuss Mao Zed

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更新时间:2024/9/30 5:51:31