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字词 一般等价物
释义

一般等价物【英】

general equivalence; general/universal equivalent

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 433.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1996: 80.

定义

一般等价物是从商品中分离出来的充当其它一切商品的统一价值表现材料的商品,它的出现,是商品生产和交换发展的必然结果。历史上,一般等价物曾由一些特殊的商品承担,随着社会的进步,黄金和白银成了最适合执行一般等价物职能的货币。货币是从商品中分离出来固定充当一般等价物的特殊商品(via: http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%AD%89%E4%BB%B7%E7%89%A9)。一般等价物是商品经济中商品交换和价值形式长期发展的产物,是一种特殊的商品。一般等价物商品的有两个形式:一般等价形式和扩大价值形式。一般等价形式指它能直接交换其他一切商品的形式。在扩大价值形式上,它解决了没有等价物而导致的直接物物交换的困难。随着商品交换的不断扩大,用于交换的许多种商品中,总有某种商品是人们经常需要并与其他商品进行交换的,这就意味着人们要把自己商品的价值表现在这种商品上。这样,人们就必须先把自己的商品换成这种市场上人们普遍乐于接受的商品,然后用它进行交换,获得任何自己想要的商品。于是,某种商品就慢慢被分离出来,承担起商品交换媒介的一般等价物的职责。在其形成的初期,充当一般等价物的商品并不是固定的,不同时期、不同地区的一般等价物表现为不同的形式,这不利于商品经济的发展。随着商品交换日益频繁和交换范围不断扩大,一般等价物逐渐被固定在某种特定商品上,最后固定在贵金属金银上,一般等价物便最终发展为货币。

定义来源

via: http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%AD%89%E4%BB%B7%E7%89%A9

例句

1. 这种历史现象学就是从货帀这个经济现象入手,通过揭示劳动二重性的内在矛盾,引发出使用价值——价值,价值形态从一般等价物到货帀,再到市场竞争导致的价格转化的一系列嬗变,最终揭露了带来“利润”的货币——资本剥削剩余价值的秘密。在马克思这一次的经济学研究中,资本主义社会经济中的物化现象被一层层地剥离下来,颠倒人们视域的三大拜物教的本质被揭示出来。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009: 549

1. This historical phenomenology begins with the economic phenomenon of money and derives use value through the exposition of the internal contradictions of the dual nature of labor. The form of value moves from general equivalence to money, then to prices caused by market competition, and finally penetrates money that brings “profits” ­the secret that capital exploits surplus value. In Marx’s economics research at this point, the objectified phenomena of the economy of capitalist society is peeled back one layer at a time, and the essence of the three great fetishisms that invert man’s vision is revealed. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 433.

2. 价值关系先前具有的工具性作用,悄然异化为被追逐的存在本质。进入景观社会,景观成了“作为整个社会所能成为和所能做的东西的一般等价物”,其地位甚至高过了用于交换的货币,因为,“景观是仅供注视的(for contemplation only)货币”,在“注视”的睽睽目光之下,物品的真实功用不由分说地就被景观制造出来的“伪效用”篡位了,或者说存在被抽象表征所篡位。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:108

2. The instrumental function the value relationship in the past owned has been alienated imperceptibly as the desired nature of being. Once in a spectacular society, the spectacle becomes “the general equivalent of whatever society as a whole can be and do”, holding a position even higher than money, for “the spectacle is money for contemplation only.” And, under the contemplations from all people, the real use of commodities is usurped unavoidab1y by the “pseudo-use” created by the spectacle. Or, we can say that being is bartered by abstract representation. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 159.

3. 等价形式同这种特殊商品的自然形式社会地结合在一起,这种特殊商品成了货币商品,或者执行货币的职能。在商品世界起一般等价物的作用就成了它特有的社会职能,从而成了它的社会独占权。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)》,1972: 85

3. The particular commodity, with whose bodily form the equivalent form is thus socially identified, now becomes the money commodity, or serves as money. It becomes the special social function of that commodity, and consequently its social monopoly, to play within the world of commodities the part of the universal equivalent. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35), 1996: 80.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
在人类经济史上,私有财产和社会分工的出现,商品的价值和使用价值的分离催生了充当一般等价物职能的货币,而货币的出现又为金融业的兴起和发展提供了条件。——《论金融消费者的法律保护》,重庆大学硕士学位论文,2011
In the economic history of mankind, the emergence of private property and division of work in society, the separation of the value and use value of goods results in the currencies which are used as the equivalents to the goods.

例句 2:
货币是在长期商品交换中自发产生的。在商品交换中,必须选出一种充当衡量其他商品的价值尺度,人们把这种能充当一般等价物作用的特殊商品,称之为货币。——《夏商周时期货币起源与发展研究》,哈尔滨师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
Currency is at long - term the article exchange is amid the self-moving creation. Exchange in the article amid, have to select a kind of worth size that acts as to weigh other articles, people make this kind of acting as the general equivalent acting special article can, call it as money.

例句 3:
总之,这17件榷场文书是对西夏南边榷场贸易情况的原始记录,通过对它们的研究,将会对我们深入了解西夏同中原地区的贸易往来情况、贸易中所使用的一般等价物、西夏的度量衡制度、西夏的公文制度以及西夏榷场的建置具有重要的意义。——《黑水城所出西夏汉文榷场文书考释》,河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
The final part is a conclusion. 17 Quechang manuscripts record Xixia's foreign trade, with the research, we will understand Xixia's foreign trade and the equivalent and Xixia's correspondence system.

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更新时间:2025/4/13 21:38:48