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字词 指称
释义

指称【英】

reference; to indicate; to designate

译文来源

[1] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 167.
[2] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 471.
[3] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 488.

定义

指称,语言哲学和逻辑语义学用语。(金炳华,2003:395)在语义学中,指称通常被用来解释名词或代词和用他们来命名的具体目标对象之间的关系。所提到的目标对象被称作文字的“指称对象”。用来指称事物的词语叫“指称语”;所指称的事物叫指称对象。充当指称语的一般是代词和名词及其词组。(指称.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v101316232.htm?fromTitle=%E6%8C%87%E7%A7%B0)由德国弗雷格为解释等价(同一性)陈述如何提供信息而提出。他把单称词项(专名)的意义区分为“涵义”和“指称”两个方面。如单称词项“启明星”和“暮星”是标示同一对象的两种不同方式。它们有同样的指称(金星这颗行星),但涵义是不同的。弗雷格把指称概念扩充运用于一切语词和语句等其他语言表达式。关于指称的理论是语言哲学学说的主要组成部分之一。对指称的研究,尤其围绕“指称—意义”区分之是否合理的问题的论争,成为推进语言哲学发展的一个重要动力。(金炳华,2003:395)

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[2] 指称.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v101316232.htm?fromTitle=%E6%8C%87%E7%A7%B0

例句

1. 对克里普客来说,“黄金”变成了一个适用于任何可能世界的“严格指示词”,不过它的属性列表可能有所变化。然而,齐泽克从这种思想方法中得出了更为激进的结论,认为恰恰是命名行为把同一性赋予某个对象,“命名行为回溯性地构成它的指称”。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:261

1. ‘Gold’ becomes for Kripke a ‘rigid designator’ that applies in any possible world, although its list of properties could vary. Zizek, however, draws more radical conclusions from this line of thought, arguing that it is the act of naming that confers identity on an object: ‘naming itself retroactively constitutes its reference.’ -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 167.

2. 首先,我们都知道,在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,实践是新世界观的基石;而在《德意志意识形态》中的广义历史唯物主义建构中,实践中的物质生产被定位为社会存在的根基。在一般的哲学逻辑中,无论是实践还是生产,它总是指称一个完整的主体与客体在客观活动中的统一。从生产出发来定位社会财富,进而确定社会的基础,这是资产阶级古典经济学(社会唯物主义)可以接受的逻辑思路。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:595

2. First, as we know, practice was the basis for Marx’s new worldview in Theses on Feverbach; in the general theory of historical materialism in The German Ideology, on the other hand, material production in practice was identified as the basis of social existence. In general philosophical logic, both practice and production indicate a complete unity of subject and object in objective activity. Classical economics (social materialism) was able to accept the logic line of thought that proceeded from production to define social wealth, and then confirmed the basis of society. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 471.

3. “意识形态”可以指称任何事物,从曲解对社会现实依赖性的沉思的态度到行动取向的一整套信念,从个体赖以维系其与社会结构之关系的不可缺少的媒介,到使得主导政治权利合法化的错误观念,几乎无所不包。意识形态正巧在我们试图摆脱它的时候突然冒出来,而在人们认定它会存在的地方反倒不出现。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:378

3. Ideology can designate anything from a contemplative attitude that misrecognizes its dependence on social reality to an action-orientated set of beliefs, from the indispensable medium in which individuals live out their relations to a social structure to false ideas which legitimate a dominant political power. It seems to pop up precisely when we attempt to avoid it, while it fails to appear where one would c1early expect it to dwell. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 488.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
在语言哲学研究中,探讨语词与实在关系的指称理论是一个复杂问题。——“指称理论:从确定性向相对性的发展与演变”,载于《外语学刊》2014年第4期
The theory of reference which discusses the relation between language and reality is a complex topic in the study of linguistic philosophy.

例句 2:
在早期语言哲学中,意义与指称是密切相关的:意义问题就是指称问题。——“什么是形而上学指称——与叶闯教授商榷”,载于《学术月刊》2011年第1期
The concept of meaning is linked closely with the concept of reference in early conceptions of philosophy of language.

例句 3:
会话中的指称表达是交际活动的一种表现形式,文章着力分析指称调节的具体过程。——“汉语会话交际中的指称调节”,载于《世界汉语教学》2017年第1期
Reference recalibration in interaction is a kind of social activity. This paper mainly discusses the process of reference recalibration in Mandarin conversational talk.

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