宗派【英】

sect; section; denomination

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1978: 420.
[2] Sect. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sect
[3] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001: 165.
[4] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：701.

定义

宗派是一个多义词，可以从佛法含义和词语概念两个方面来加以理解。从佛法含义来理解宗派：佛法的目的是求“觉悟”；可是在求达到“觉悟”的目的地以前，必定有许多途径，也可以说是求达目的的方法和历程。在佛教的目的上一样；在途径上，有法相、三论、天台、华严、禅净、真言、戒律、俱舍、成实等宗的不同。所以法相宗的求觉悟，有法相宗的方法和历程；三论宗求觉悟，有三论宗的方法和历程；其他各宗，亦莫不皆然。佛法既然有了许多途径，于是就有了许多宗派。佛法在印度，小乘虽有部执之分，大乘虽有空有之辩，却并未立许多门户；到中国后，才宗派繁兴。隋唐以来，各宗的著述和流传的法门，大都各具本宗特质；及至今日，宗派划然，各宗有各宗的内容，各派有各派的藩篱（宗派.via：http://baike.baidu.com/subview/161375/19078725.htm）。从词语概念来理解宗派：宗派，泛称宗族内部嫡庶与大小宗支。见南朝梁何逊《仰赠从兄兴宁寘南》诗：“家世传儒雅，贞白仰馀徽。宗派已孤狭，财产又贫微”（宗派.via：http://baike.baidu.com/subview/161375/19078726.htm）。除此之外，宗派还可以指政治、学术、文艺、宗教等方面的不同派别，往往有着很强的排外性。今宗派指为不正当目的结成的脱离人民群众的小集团。古人将宗派称为“朋党”，早在《战国策•赵策二》中就记载朋党为患，苏秦游说六国时就曾向赵国君侯提出过“绝疑去谗，摒流言之迹，塞朋党之门”的建议。《史记•范雎蔡泽列传》中更有“禁朋党以厉百姓”的呼声（东云，2012：98）。

定义来源

[1] 宗派.via：http://baike.baidu.com/subview/161375/19078725.htm
[2] 宗派.via：http://baike.baidu.com/subview/161375/19078726.htm
[3] 东云.中外文化常识一本通：不可不知的1500个文化常识[M].中国华侨出版社，2012.

例句

1. 或许我们还需要同资本建立“某种可接受的关系”。这就要放弃某些左翼宗派所喜欢的阴谋理论—资本主义是少数自私的剥削者强加给被虚假意识所欺骗的多数剥削者的东西，转向这样一种立场，即资本主义被当做是人性中的某些驱动力的表现，而且那些驱动力以各种各样的好坏方式表现出来。——《后马克思主义思想史》，2011：258

1. Perhaps we need also to construct a ‘somewhat bearable relation’ with capital. This would involve moving away from the conspiracy theories so beloved of certain sections of the left—capitalism as an imposition by a self-interested, exploiting minority on an exploited, false-consciousness plagued majority—to a position where capitalism is regarded as the expression of certain drives in human nature, which might manifest themselves in a variety of ways, good and bad. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 165.

2. 1520年他迁至茨威考成为第一个宣说新教教义的牧师。他在这里碰上有锡利亚式狂想的宗派中的一派，这一派悄悄地在许多地区存在着，表面看来它还是个卑微恭顺与世无争的宗派，然而骨子里却包藏着最下层社会对现状的不满而且正在成长为一个反对派，并且这个反对派此时也越来越公开和坚决地在大庭广众之间加强鼓动了。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第七卷）》，1959：411

2. 1520 he went to Zwickau as the first evangelist preacher. There he found one of those fanatical chiliastic sects that continued their existence on the quiet in many localities, whose momentary humility and detachment concealed the increasingly rampant opposition to the prevailing conditions of the lowest strata of society, and who were now, with the unrest growing, coming into the light of day ever more boldly and persistently. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10), 1978: 420.

3. 这个宗派就是再洗礼派，是由尼克拉斯·施托黑领导的。他们宣说审判末日和千载太平都临近了，他们有“幻想，有狂热，有预言的灵明”。不久他们就和茨威考当局发生冲突；虽然闵采尔从未无条件地参加这一派，倒是这一派还受了他的影响，但闵采尔挺身出来保卫他们。当局采取坚决行动来反对他们；他们不得不离开此城，闵采尔也和他们一同离去。这是1521年底的事。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第七卷）》，1959：411

3. It was the sect of the Anabaptists headed by Niklas Storch. They preached the approach of the Day of Judgment and of the millennium; they had “visions, transports, and the spirit of prophecy” and soon came into conflict with the Council of Zwickau. Münzer defended them, though he never joined them unconditionally and would much rather have brought them under his own influence. The Council took drastic measures against them; they had to leave the town, and Münzer with them. This was at the close of 1521. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10), 1978: 420.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
防止和反对宗派分裂活动，确保党的团结和统一，一直是工人阶级执政党执政的组织基础和保障。——“论列宁工人阶级执政党保持团结统一的价值观——列宁的执政党建设理论与实践钩沉”，载于《中北大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期
Preventing and combating sectarian separatist activities and ensuring the solidarity and unity of the party are the organizational basises and guarantees of the governing of the working-class as ruling party.

例句 2：
他们结合国际工人协会领导各国工人组织开展革命斗争的实践历程，特别是总结与巴枯宁无政府主义斗争的经验，对无产阶级政党党内关系理论做了经典阐述，即无产阶级党内必须首先维护中央的权威，同时尊重下级组织的权利，并且要坚决反对党内宗派。——“经典作家党内关系思想的文本探究——马克思、恩格斯《所谓国际内部的分裂》研读”，载于《嘉兴学院学报》2013年第2期
In this article the two tutors summerized the experiences of the revolutionary struggle practices among all workers organizations led by the International Workers Association, especially the experience of struggle against Bakunin anarchism, and made a classic exposition of the inner---- party relations theory of proletariat political party, i. e. the proletariat party must maintain the central authority, while respecting the rights of lower organizations, and should resolutely oppos the Sectarianism in party.

例句 3：
二是队伍不纯问题和宗派现象始终存在，必须从组织上加以整顿。——“毛泽东发动延安整风的原因”，载于《南华大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期
Secondly, the phenomenon of team impurity and sectarianism always exist, which must be rectified from the organization.