大公无私【英】

value relationship; relations of value; value-relations

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engel. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 107.
[2] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 4) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1984: 405.
[3] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 10.

定义

“大公无私”作为职业道德要求，在西周、春秋时期已经出现。自战国至唐代，“大公无私”同义的词语频频出现。宋明时期，宋明理学对其含义做出了修改。明清时期，反理学思潮对大公无私做出了否定。新中国成立后，毛泽东、刘少奇、朱德赋予大公无私以新的含义。毛泽东他们是在与自私自利相反的意义上使用大公无私这一词语的，他们认为大公无私是一种较高的道德境界，值得提倡。极“左”思潮对大公无私的歪曲由此导致对大公无私的否定（陈升，1993：6）。“大公无私”是人类一种崇高的精神境界,是一种高尚、纯洁的道德品质，根本不是什么“极左”口号。“大公无私”这一概念是阶级社会的产物，随着私有制和阶级社会的出现，发生了公与私的矛盾，为了解决这个矛盾，才产生了“大公无私”这一概念。“大公无私”这一概念的本质涵义，就是个人或私人的利益，要服从阶级的集体利益。换句话说，阶级的集体利益高于个人的利益。当个人利益与阶级的集体利益发生矛盾的时候，个人利益要无条件地服从阶级的集体利益，甚至于牺牲自己的生命。所以提倡“公”高于私，并不始于社会主义社会的今天。宣传个人利益服从阶级的集体利益，并不是只有无产阶级一家。事实上，无论是奴隶主阶级、地主阶级、还是资产阶级，莫不如此（魏英敏，1981：23）。

定义来源

[1] 陈升.“大公无私”考[J].中国青年政治学院学报，1993（4）.
[2] 魏英敏.个人利益与大公无私[J].北京大学学报，1981（2）.

例句

1. “唯一者及其所有物”第194页：“批判家害怕陷入独断主义或者提出教条。自然，如果是那样的话，他就会从批判家转化为他的对立面，即转化为独断主义者，他这位批判家就会从善的变成恶的，或者从大公无私的人〈共产主义者〉变为利己主义者等等。打倒教条！——这就是他的教条。”——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）》，1956：103

1. Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum, p. 194: “The critic is afraid of becoming dogmaticor of putting forward dogmas. Obviously, he would then become the opposite of acritic, a dogmatist; he who as a critic was good, would now become evil, or from being unselfish” (a Communist) “would become an egoist, etc. Not a single dogma! —that is his dogma.” -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 107.

2. “我们的使命就是大公无私地为人民服务，这已经在有名的沙皇宣言中明文规定，我们必须严格遵守。自私自利的服务是跟着一点不相容的……”“一个等级的祖先曾经立过战功，曾经用自己的双肩担负起亚历山大二世皇帝的伟大改革的重任，这个等级今后也肯定能够完成它对国家肩负责任。” ——《列宁全集（第四卷）》，1984：370

2. “We must carefully cherish our calling which is expressed in the celebrated imperial manifesto by the words, unselfishly to serve the people. To serve for selfish motives would contradict this... A social-estate that has to its credit such services as the valiant martial deeds of its ancestors and that had to bear the brunt of the great reforms of Emperor Alexander II still possesses opportunities for the future fulfillment of its duties to the state.” -Quoted from Lenin Collected works (Vol. 4), 1984: 405.

3. 由此看来，恩格斯某些著作的阅读对象必然不仅是工人阶级中受过教育的成员,同样有科学家。的确，他深信“科学越是毫无顾忌和大公无私，它就越符合工人的利益和愿望”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：8

3. A corollary was that some of Engels’s writings were directed just as much at scientists as at educated members of the working class; indeed he believed that ‘the more ruthlessly and disinterestedly science proceeds the more it finds itself in harmony with the interests and aspirations of the workers’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 10.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
通过回顾夏明翰的革命生涯，提出了烈士精神在新时代的重要意义：夏明翰舍生取义的革命精神鼓舞后人坚定共产主义信仰，抵御邪教、迷信的侵蚀；夏明翰大公无私的革命精神激励后人牢固树立为人民服务思想，防止腐化堕落；夏明翰艰苦奋斗的革命精神鞭策后人保持勤俭创业本色,反对享乐主义。——“夏明翰精神的现实意义——纪念夏明翰诞辰100周年”，载于《沈阳教育学院学报》2000年第2期
This article talks about the important significance of Xia Ming Han's spirit in modern times by reviewing his revolutionary career: Xia Ming Han's revolutionary spirit of devotion will encourage the later generation to strenghthen their belief in communism, and appose evil religion and superstition; Xia Ming Han's spirit of unselfishness will encourage the later generation to set up the idea of serving for the people, and prevent from corruption; Xia Ming Han's spirit of waging a hard struggle will encourage the later generation to keep the natural colour of building our country by hard work and thrift, and be against bedonism.

例句 2：
工人阶级是我们党的阶级基础。工人阶级的先进性有一个内部结构，这个结构的原始起点就是大公无私和集体主义，有了大公无私和集体主义，才有了组织性和纪律性。——“坚持和发展工人阶级的先进性”，载于《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2004年第2期
The working class is the class basis of our party. Its advancements are as follows: unselfishness, collectivism, and obey discipline.

例句 3：
“天下为公”作为一至关重要的理念，诉诸于“天下”和“天志”社会本体论的依据，而非后学混淆为“大公无私”及“大同”社会的具体描述。——“‘天下为公’墨子墨学公德伦理的一个基本理念”，载于《安徽师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期
As a critical concept “whole world as one community” was based on social ontology, such as