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字词 多元论
释义

多元论【英】

pluralism

译文来源

Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 5.

定义

多元论是一种哲学观点,认为世界是由多种独立的、不互相依存的实体构成的。多元论的反义是一元论。多元论主张世界是由多种本原构成的哲学学说。凡是把世界归结为多种物质本原的学说,是唯物主义的多元论;凡是把世界归结为多种精神本原的学说,是唯心主义的多元论。(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6311703-6525292.html)多元论有多种表现:(1)本体论中的多元论。认为世界由许多本原构成。如中国古代的五行说认为金、木、水、火、土五种元素构成世界万物。又如德国莱布尼茨提出,世界由无数独立的自己运动的18单子(精神性实体)组成。(2)认识论中的多元论。实用主义依据其“有用即真理”的原则,否定真理的客观性,认为真理是多元的,对于同一事物对象,各个个人或阶级集团各有他们自己的真理。(3)历史观中的多元论。认为类历史发展是由多种因素决定的,政治、经济、法律、道德、宗教、文化等因素在历史发展中具有相同的意义。(金炳华,2003:164)

定义来源

[1] 多元论.via:
http://baike.so.com/doc/6311703-6525292.html
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 《霸权和社会主义战略》以不正当的方式进行论证,因此拉克劳和墨菲不可能失败:一元论者越了轨,二元论者从事的是一项不可能完成的任务,多元论者似乎是惟一的出路。尽管杰拉斯想要坚持马克思主义传统的丰富性和多样性,但是他找不到拉克劳和墨菲对这个方面的任何贡献,最终把他们视为社会主义事业的背叛者。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:63

1. The argument of Hegemony and Socialist Strategy is rigged so that Laclau and Mouffe cannot lose: monists are beyond the pale, dualists are engaged in an impossible task, pluralism would appear to be the only way out. While Geras wants to insist on the richness and variety of the Marxist tradition, he cannot find any contribution to this in the theories of Laclau and Mouffe, who end up being viewed as traitors to the socialist cause. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 40.

2. 因此,在马克思主义看来,否定性和异化是意识形态的概念,它们只能确指本身的意识形态内容。然而,抛弃黑格尔含义上的必然性,抛弃黑格尔关于发展的本质,这并不等于说我们就处于主观性、“多元论”或偶然性的理论真空之中。相反,只有在抛开黑格尔理论前提的条件下,我们才能确有把握地真正躲开这一真空。——《保卫马克思》,1984:185

2. So, in Marxism, negativity and alienation are ideological concepts that can only designate their own ideological content. Nevertheless, the fact that the Hegelian type of necessity and the Hegelian essence of development should be rejected does not mean at all that we are in the theoretical void of subjectivity, of 'pluralism' or of contingency. Quite the contrary, only on condition that we free ourselves from these Hegelian presuppositions can we be really sure of escaping this void. -Quoted from For Marx, 1969: 215.

3. 有人可能认为,马克思主义事实上始终是多元主义的理论,只是未曾正式希望成为多元主义的而已。尽管如此,马克思主义还是不得不改变对待多元主义的态度。艾尔文·古德纳(Alvin Gouldner)区分了马克思主义思想的两个主要学派,即“科学”学派和“批判”学派;迈克尔·瑞安 (Michael Ryan)把马克思主义流派分为三个、四个、甚至更多的“马克思主义”。显然,大多数参与者都不愿接受这样的状况。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:7

3. One of the things that will have to change is Marxism’s attitude towards pluralism, although it is possible to argue that, de facto, Marxism always has been pluralist—it just has not officially wanted to be. Alvin Gouldner has posited two major schools of Marxist thought, the ‘scientific’ and the ‘critical’; Michael Ryan has put the case for ‘three, four, or even more “marxisms”. What is clear is that most of the participants are unwilling to accept that state of affairs. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 5.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
伯林明确提出了价值多元论,并试图以此重构自由主义。——《价值多元论与自由主义:证成还是反对?》,天津师范大学硕士学位论文,2008
Isaiah Berlin advanced the proposition of value pluralism unequivocally, on the basis of which he tried to reconsider liberalism.

例句 2:
费耶阿本德的理论多元论是在反对理性主义一元论过程中提出来的,在方法上费耶阿本德反对理性主义方法一元论,而提出了方法多元论,每一门学科都有自身的特殊研究方法,而不能把科学的方法作为唯一正确的方法。——“费耶阿本德的理论多元论”,载于《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2012年第6期
Feyerabend’s theory pluralism is in opposition to the rationalism in the process of  monism, in methods Feyerabend is against rationalism monism method and puts  forward the method pluralism, each subject has its own special research method, and can’t take the scientific method as the only correct method. 

例句 3:
在理性多元论的情况下,为了使正义原则能够达成重叠共识,公共理性要求我们只诉诸于人们普遍接受的常识性信念和推理形式来推演正义原则。——“论哈贝马斯与罗尔斯对公共理性的争论”,载于《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2007年第5期
Under the circumstances of reasonable pluralism, public reasoning asks us to deduce just principles by the recognized universal beliefs and deducible forms so as to reach “overlapping consensus”.

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