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字词 无产阶级专政
释义

无产阶级专政【英】

the proletarian dictatorship; the dictatorship of the proletariat

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:338.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 173.

定义

无产阶级专政即无产阶级(经过共产党)领导的、以工农联盟为基础的社会主义国家政权。又称工人阶级专政。是无产阶级和资产阶级的阶级斗争的必然结果,是达到消灭一切阶级和进入无阶级社会的过渡(无产阶级专政.via:http://baike.so.com/doc/6264081-6477502.html)。1848年,马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出:“工人革命的第一步就是使无产阶级上升为统治阶级,争得民主”,“无产阶级将利用自己的统治,一步一步地夺取资产阶级的全部资本,把一切生产工具集中在国家即组织成为统治阶级的无产阶级手里,并且尽可能快地增加生产力的总量”(马克思等,2012:421)。列宁认为,一切革命的根本问题,就是国家政权问题。无产阶级革命的根本问题就是无产阶级专政问题。没有无产阶级专政在这些战线上充分发动劳动人民,顽强地和持续地进行不可避免的斗争,那就不可能有什么社会主义,就不可能有什么社会主义的胜利。毛泽东在《论人民民主专政》一文中指出:“人民是什么? 在中国,在现阶段,是工人阶级,农民阶级,城市小资产阶级和民族资产阶级”(毛泽东,1991:1475)。这些阶级在中国共产党的领导下,组成自己的国家,对人民内部实行人民民主制度,对地主阶级和官僚资产阶级实行专政。二者结合,就是人民民主专政。由于所处的时代和地域不同,关于无产阶级专政的认识也会存在差异。总结起来,无产阶级专政是无产阶级革命的最终目标,是实现共产主义的必由之路。

定义来源

[1] 无产阶级专政.via:http://baike.so.com/doc/6264081-6477502.html.
[2] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,2012.
[3] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第四卷)[C],人民出版社,1991.

例句

1. 现在,我们特别需要这样更普遍、更广泛、更深远地看问题,因为现在党内的人由于下述情况而有时感到苦恼,发觉自己的工作有缺点,有毛病,不能令人满意。这种情况就是,为了实际执行苏维埃政权过去和现在所面临的那些刻不容缓的、日常的、当前的、迫切的国家管理任务,我们的注意力常常被转移,被分散,尽管我们尽了一切努力(在这方面要改变工作环境是不可能的),还是常常不得不去过分注意管理中的琐事,忘记了整个无产阶级专政在世界范围内的总的发展进程,忘记了整个无产阶级专政是通过苏维埃政权,正确些说,是通过苏维埃运动,通过无产者群众在苏维埃内部的摸索(这是我们大家都经历过的,可是忘记了),通过在苏维埃内部实行专政的尝试而发展起来的。——《列宁全集(第三十六卷)》,1985:35-36

1. And we are now doubly in need of such a more general, broader, and more far-reaching outlook, because it is sometimes painful for Party people in Russia to see faults and defects and feel dissatisfied with their work, because the practical fulfilment of the urgent, current, immediate, everyday administrative duties that have been, and continue to be, the lot of the Soviet authorities often distracts attention, compels us, in spite of ourselves—it is no use rebelling against the conditions under which we have to work—to devote too much attention to the petty details of administration. They cause us to forget the general course of the world-wide development of the proletarian dictatorship, its evolution through Soviet power or, more correctly, the Soviet movement, through the groping of the proletarian masses within the Soviets—something we all experienced and have forgotten—and through the attempt to achieve the dictatorship within the Soviets. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1974: 57-58.

2. 本编中所考察的卢卡奇、科尔施和葛兰西等人的著作,都是在第一次世界大战引发的相对短暂的资本主义不稳定期写成的。随着1914 年以前世界秩序的崩溃,以及在很大程度上由第二国际代表的自成体系的马克思主义的破产,马克思主义的一些主要概念,如阶级斗争、无产阶级专政、无产阶级民主的性质、国家的职能和哲学的作用,都接受了根本上的重新表述。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:105

2. The works of Lukács, Korsch, Gramsci and others considered in this section were formulated during the relatively brief period of capitalist instability inaugurated by the First World War. Following the collapse of the pre-1914 world order and of the systematic Marxism of the Second International that was to a large extent its mirror, central. Marxist concepts such as class struggle, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the nature of proletarian democracy, the function of the state, and the role of philosophy al1 became subject to radical reformulation. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 173.

3. 李嘉图认为,资源是有限的,并且构成了经济增长的极限;但是,马克思认为,通过生产资料所有权的改变,总是有一条摆脱匮乏周期的道路,在过渡到无产阶级专政之后,这样一种道路将会建立一个乌托邦的社会。无论是在李嘉图那里还是在马克思那里,都有一种不可避免抵达临界点的文化进程模式。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:165

3. Ricardo saw resources as finite and posited an eventual end to economic growth; whereas Marx held there was a way to break out of the cycle of scarcity by a change in the ownership of the means of production that would lead, after a successful transition to the dictatorship of the proletariat, to the establishment of a utopian society. In each case there is a model of cultural process in which a crisis point inevitably is reached. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 106.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
列宁的无产阶级专政思想是在继承和发展马克思主义国家学说的基础上形成的,在列宁主义中占有极为重要的地位。——“论列宁的无产阶级专政思想及其当代价值”,载于《马克思主义研究》2016年第3期
The idea of proletarian dictatorship of Lenin, as an important part in Leninism, inherited and developed on the basis of Marxist state theory.

例句 2:
过渡时期的国家无产阶级专政应尽力消除旧的国家政权的弊害,成为真正民主的国家政权。——“马克思主义社会与国家关系理论及其启示”,载于《社会主义研究》2014年第4期
The proletarian dictatorship during the transitional period should try its best to eliminate the evil of the old state power and become a genuine democratic state power.

例句 3:
从否定所谓“无产阶级专政下继续革命”到回归“社会主义现代化建设”再到“中国特色社会主义建设”这样三次大的转换。——“建国以来马克思主义中国化的历史进程及其基本经验”,载于《东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版)》2009年第4期
The third one experienced from the negation of so called Continuing The Revolution under the proletarian Dictatorship to the regression of Socialism modernization and then to Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.

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