字词 | 国家杜马 |
释义 | 国家杜马【英】the State Duma译文来源Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 9) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972: 15. 定义“杜马”是会议的意思。在俄国历史上早就有杜马的称呼,只是它在被用以称呼不同的对象时具有不同的含义。十八世纪以前的波雅尔杜马(即大贵族杜马、领主杜马)是与沙皇一起分掌国家政权的最高国家管理机关;1785年成立的城市杜马是按等级原则选举的城市管理机关,1870年城市改革后成为按财产资格选举的资产阶级自治机关;“国家杜马”在十九世纪初亚历山大一世的高宫斯佩兰斯基的国家改革草案中已经提出,但直到二十世纪初才建立,是沙皇政府召集的全国性代议机关,既沿袭了传统的“杜马”称呼,而且模拟了西方议会的形式。 定义来源孙成木.俄国国家杜马的形成及其实质[J].世界历史,1983(6). 例句1. 几个月以前还没有把握说,国家杜马是否会召集得起来,它会是个什么样子。几个星期以前还看不出,至少广大的人民群众还看不出,下一阶段的争取自由的斗争将在什么范围内和以怎样的形式展开。——《列宁全集(第十三卷)》,1987:206 1. Some months ago it was impossible to say with any certainty whether the State Duma would meet or what it would be like. A few weeks ago it was still unclear, to the broad mass of the people at least, in what field and in what form the next stage of the struggle for freedom would develop. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 11), 1972: 15. 2. 国家杜马中的社会民主党党团的基本任务就是协助无产阶级进行阶级教育和阶级斗争,以便使劳动者摆脱资本主义的剥削,使无产阶级完成它在俄国目前资产阶级民主革命中所应当担负的政治领袖的使命。——《斯大林全集(第二卷)》,1953:62 2. The main task of the Social-Democratic group in the State Duma is to facilitate the proletariat’s class education and class struggle both for the emancipation of the working people from capitalist exploitation and for the fulfillment of the part of political leader which it is called upon to play in the present bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia. -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 2), 1953: 81. 3. 所以他们甚至在梦里也害怕人民革命,并大谈其所谓“绥靖俄国”。既然如此,也就难怪这些倒霉的“活动家”对于所谓国家杜马抱着莫大的希望,大家知道,沙皇杜马根本就否定人民革命,而这对于我国自由资产者极其有利。大家知道,沙皇杜马给予富裕资产阶级“某种”活动地盘,而这对于我国自由资产者是极其需要的。这就说明为什么他们把自己的全部“纲领”和全部活动都寄托在杜马的存在上面,杜马一垮台,他们的一切“计划”势必跟着破产。——《斯大林全集(第一卷)》,1953:134-135 3. That is why they are haunted by the people’s revolution even in their sleep and talk so much about “pacifying Russia”. It is not surprising, after this, that these luckless “personages” placed such great hopes on the so-called State Duma. As we know, the tsarist Duma is the negation of the people’s revolution, and this is very much to the advantage of our liberal bourgeoisie. As we know, the tsarist Duma provides “some slight” field of activity for the wealthy bourgeoisie, and this is exactly what our bourgeois liberals need so much. That is why they base their entire “programme” and the conduct of all their activities in the assumption that the Duma will exist, the bankruptcy of the Duma would inevitably lead to the collapse of all their “plans”. -Quoted from Collected Works of J. V. Stalin (Vol. 1), 1953: 183. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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