字词 | 因素 |
释义 | 因素【英】factor译文来源Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 143. 定义因素即是影响或决定事物发展的原因,有内部因素与外部因素之分。所谓内因指影响或决定事物运动和发展、变化的内部原因;所谓外因是指事物与其他事物的外部联系或外部矛盾。内因是影响事物发展的决定性因素,产生于事物自身的矛盾性。在哲学史上,古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特认为对立面的斗争是事物运动变化的动因;亚里士多德也曾经提出过“第一推动者”的理论。到了近代,霍布斯曾认为运动发展变化的原因不在事物内部而在于外力的推动,这一论断奠定了内因外因理论的基础;斯宾诺莎则把物质看成是原因本身,认为物质是一切事物的内因;黑格尔吸收古希腊和德国古典哲学的成果首次辩证地阐述了内因和外因的复杂关系,他认为事物发展的根据只能是事物内在的本质或内在矛盾的。而事物发展的条件则是与根据相对立的外在关系。条件即此事物帮助彼事物的实现。在《逻辑学》中的“本质论·根据”一节中大胆断言“事情的运动,一方面通过其条件,另一方面通过其根据而建立起来”。马克思主义哲学对内因与外因作了科学而深刻的阐述。“认为统一的物质世界的运动、发展和变化的原因,在于物质世界内部的矛盾性。但客观世界存在的各种事物都与外部的其它事物联系着。任何一个具体或个别事物的运动和发展、变化,除内部原因外必然也有外部原因。运动和发展是内因和外因共同作用的结果。”(金炳华,2003:246)内因决定着事物的性质、本质和发展方向,外因影响事物的进程并对事物的局部状态产生影响。内因通过外因而起作用。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 这就是所谓“唯武器论”,是战争问题中的机械论,是主观地和片面地看问题的意见。我们的意见与此相反,不但看到武器,而且看到人力。武器是战争的重要的因素,但不是决定的因素,决定的因素是人不是物。力量对比不但是军力和经济力的对比,而且是人力和人心的对比。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:469 1. This is the so-called theory that “weapons decide everything”, which constitutes a mechanical approach to the question of war and a subjective and one-sided view. Our view is opposed to this; we see not only weapons but also people. Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive factor; it is people, not things, that are decisive. The contest of strength is not only a contest of military and economic power, but also a contest of human power and morale. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 143. 2. 当前我国国家安全内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富,时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广,内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂,必须坚持总体国家安全观,以人民安全为宗旨,以政治安全为根本,以经济安全为基础,以军事、文化、社会安全为保障,以促进国际安全为依托,走出一条中国特色国家安全道路。 ——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:200 2. At present, the national security issues facing China encompass far more subjects, extend over a greater range and cover a longer time scale than at any time in the country’s history. Internally and externally the factors at play are more complex than ever before. Therefore, we must maintain a holistic view of national security, take the people’s security as our ultimate goal, achieve political security as our fundamental task, regard economic security as our foundation, with military, cultural and public security as means of guarantee, and promote international security so as to establish a national security system with Chinese characteristics. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 220. 3. 在企业,有三大因素阻碍了修正主义运动的出现。首先,关键性的对立是发生在社会主义与工团主义之间,而不是发生在各种不同的马克思主义之间。在德国,工会在1878-1890年“反社会党人法案”期间遭到镇压,党反倒被许可通过选举发挥作用,并由此成为左右局势的力量;在法国,工会则逃脱了这种政治的控制。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:19 3. In France, there were three main factors militating against the emergence of a revisionist movement. Firstly, the key opposition was: between socialism and syndicalism rather than between different varieties of Marxism. In Germany, the trade unions had been suppressed during the anti-socialist legislation of 1878-90 whereas the party had been allowed to function electorally and thus became dominant; in France, the trade unions escaped from such political control. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 22. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录7925条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。