四种考验（又作四大考验）【英】

four tests (the four challenges that the CPC faces today involving long-term governance; reforms and opening-up; market economy; and external environment)

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2014: 16.

定义

胡锦涛总书记在“七一”重要讲话中强调：“执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验是长期的、复杂的、严峻的。精神懈怠的危险，能力不足的危险，脱离群众的危险，消极腐败的危险，更加尖锐地摆在全党面前。”高度重视“四大考验”，警惕和防范“四大危险”，体现了我们党对世情、国情、党情发生深刻变化的清醒认识和对自我完善、永葆先进的不懈追求。每个党员干部都要以“常怀忧党之心，恪尽兴党之责”的高度忧患意识，认真理解胡锦涛总书记讲话的深意。“四大考验”的核心是长期执政的考验。改革开放铸就了中华民族历史上最大的辉煌，也把我们党领导的中国特色社会主义事业推向新的高峰。当前，我国的改革开放已进入重要的战略机遇期、关键期和攻坚期，既面临难得的历史机遇，也面对诸多可以预见和难以预见的风险和挑战（via：http://fanfu.people.com.cn/GB/15545025.html）。直面“四大考验”、化解“四种危险”应着力解决以下几个问题：一是解决认识问题，树立风险意识和忧患意识； 二是解决精神状态问题，始终保持昂扬向上、奋发有为、开拓进取的精神状态； 三是解决能力不足问题，加强党的执政能力建设，不断提高党的领导水平；四是正确处理党和人民的关系问题，始终坚持党的性质和宗旨，坚持以人为本、执政为民的理念，坚持马克思主义群众观，自觉贯彻执行党的群众路线，始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系；五是解决腐败问题，深入持久地开展党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，保持中国共产党的先进性和纯洁性（河南省社会科学界联合会课题组，2011：5）。只有认真研究自身建设遇到的新情况、新问题，积极应对“四大考验”、化解“四种危险”，在领导建设中国特色社会主义的伟大事业中不断认识自己、加强自己、提高自己，体现时代性、增强科学性、把握规律性，党才能承担起人民和历史赋予的重大使命，党的肌体才会充满生机与活力。

定义来源

[1] 四种考验.via：http://fanfu.people.com.cn/GB/15545025.html.
[2] 河南省社会科学界联合会课题组.直面“四大考验”、化解“四种危险”的若干思考[J].学习论坛，2011（27）.

例句

1. 同时，与国内外形势发展变化相比，与党所承担的历史任务相比，党的领导水平和执政水平、党组织建设状况和党员干部素质、能力、作风都还有不小差距。特别是新形势下力加强和改进党的建设面临“四大考验”、“四种危险”，落实党要管党、从严治党的任务比以往任何时候都更为繁重更为紧迫。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：15

1. However, in view of the need to manage changes in domestic and international conditions, and to accomplish its historic mission, there is still considerable room for our Party to improve its art of leadership, governing capacity and organization, and the quality, competence, and practices of its members and officials. Party building in the new circumstances, in particular, faces “four tests” and “four risks”, which makes it more difficult and pressing to ensure that the Party properly manages its own affairs and strictly disciplines itself. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 16.

2. 中国共产党是领导和团结全国各族人民建设中国特色社会主义伟大事业的核心力量，肩负着历史重任，经受着时代考验，必须坚持立党为公、执政为民，坚持党要管党、从严治党，全面加强党的建设，不断提高党的领导水平和执政水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力。全体共产党员特别是党的领导干部，要坚定理想信念，始终把人民放在心中最高的位置，弘扬党的光荣传统和优良作风，坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义，坚决反对享乐主义、奢靡之风，坚决同一切消极腐败现象作斗争，永葆共产党人政治本色，矢志不移为党和人民事业而奋斗。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：43

2. The CPC is the central force for leading and bringing together people of all ethnic groups in advancing the great cause of building Chinese socialism. It shoulders a historical mission and faces the tests of our times. We must uphold the principles that the Party was founded for the public good, that it exercises state power for the people, and that it should supervise its conduct and operate under strict discipline. We must strengthen Party building in all respects, steadily improve the Party's art of leadership and governance, and make it better able to fight corruption, prevent degeneration and ward off risks. All our Party members, leading officials in particular, should be firm in our belief, always place the people above all else in our hearts and carry forward the Party's fine traditions and conduct. We should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, resolutely combat corruption and other misconduct, preserve Communists’ political integrity, and dedicate ourselves to the cause of the Party and the people. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 45.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
这四种考验分别是执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验；四种危险是精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险。——《提高大学生党员质量的对策研究》，沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文，2014
These four tests are tests, the reform and opening up, the test of market economy test, external environment test; four kinds of dangerous mental laches danger, risk, risk ability from the masses, passive corruption risk.

例句 2：
新时期中国共产党面临着执政考验、改革开放的考验、市场经济的考验、外部环境的考验，“四种考验”是长期的复杂的，比过去任何时候更艰巨、更紧迫。——《提高大学生党员质量的对策研究》，沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文，2014
Facing the power test of the communist party of China in the new period, the test of reform and opening up, the test, the test of the external environment of market economy, "the four tests" is a long-term complex, more difficult, more urgent than any time in the past. 

例句 3：
二是中国正处于全面深化改革攻坚期、全面建成小康社会关键期，面临巩固执政、改革开放、市场经济和外部环境的四种考验的情势需要。——“习近平全面从严治党思想形成的时代背景的‘三个考量’”，载于《江西财经大学学报》2016年01期
Secondly, China is in a critical period of comprehensive deepening reform and building a well-off society, it is faced with four challengers of consolidation of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy and the external environment.