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字词 因果关系
释义

因果关系【英】

causal relation; causality; causal connection

译文来源

[1] 冯契,徐孝通.外国哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2000:276.
[2] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 46.
[3] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 15) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 195.

定义

因果关系,是指揭示客观事物、现象之间的前因后果关联性的哲学概念。事物或现象间的因果关系是普遍存在的,任何事物或现象都有它产生的原因,同时,它也必然引起一定的结果。若一现象出现是由另一现象的存在引起的,则二现象之间存在前因后果的关联性,为有因果关系。因果关系不是绝对的,原因与结果之间的关系是辩证统一关系,二者互相对立,又互相联系和互相转化。同一现象在一种关系上是原因,在另一种关系上又是结果,世界上的一切事物及现象彼此之间都有着一定的因果联系,这种因果联系不仅是客观的,而且是普遍的,普遍地存在于自然界、社会和思维领域,以及宇观过程、宏观过程和微观过程中。判断因果关系的标准有条件说、原因说等不同的学说,以相当因果关系为通说。因果关系是物质世界普遍联系中的一种具体的关系形式,“由于客观过程的相互作用是纵横交错的,因此,既有一因多果、同因异果,又有一果多因、异因同果,更有多因多果。”(金炳华,2003:267)。由于世界观的不同,不同学科对因果关系的认识不同,唯心主义哲学家否认因果关系的客观性;形而上学唯物主义哲学家则否认因果关系表现形式的多样性,以及原因和结果之间的相互过渡和转化;只有唯物辩证法从科学原理出发,正确认识了事物的因果关系。因果关系作为一种现实世界中客观的、普遍存在的关系,揭示了事物、现象间的因果联系,正确把握和认识事物之间的因果关系,是认识事物的内在本质联系、把握事物发展规律性的必经阶段,对于人们在实践中实行科学决策、取得有利于主体发展的结果具有重要的意义。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 在《否定的辩证法》的第三部分中,阿多诺曾经以科学中习以为常的因果关系为例来揭露“同一性作为一种精神原则反映了对自然的显示统治”。在他看来,因果性的观念直接“可以告诉人们同一性对非同一性做了些什么“,不论是在主观上还是客观上,因果性作为一种人的观念“都是被统治的自然的魔法”。 ——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007: 25

1. In section three of the book, Adorno has applied the concept of causality, a concept taken for granted by science, to expose the enslaving nature of identity, namely, identity as an intellectual principle is only the reflection of the real control of nature. 1n his view, the concept of causality can directly teach us “what identity has done to nonidentity.” Subjectively or objectively, causality is “the spell of dominated nature.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 46.

2. 另外一个问题,即对军国主义和对战争的态度问题,就比较复杂了。一眼就可以看出,爱尔威不可原谅地混淆了这两个问题,忘记了战争同资本主义的因果关系。无产阶级如果采用爱尔威派的策略,就注定会使自己的工作徒劳无益,因为把一切战斗准备(这里说的是起义)都用来同结果(战争)作斗争,却让原因(资本主义)继续存在。——《列宁全集(第十七卷)》,1988:170

2. More complicated is the other question, namely, the attitude to militarism and war. At the very first glance it is obvious that Hervé is unforgivably confusing these two questions, and forgetting the causal connection between war and capitalism. By adopting Hervé’s tactics, the proletariat would condemn itself to fruitless activity: it would use up all its fighting preparedness (the reference is to insurrection) in the struggle against the effect (war) and allow the cause (capitalism) to remain. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 15), 1977: 195.

3. 但是,我们已经不止一次地看到,在目前的资产阶级社会中,人们就象受某种异己力量的支配一样,受自己所创造的经济关系、受自己所生产的生产资料的支配。因此,宗教的反映过程的事实基础就继续存在,而且宗教反映本身也同它一起继续存在。即使资产阶级经济学对这种异己支配力量的因果关系有一定的理解,事情并不因此而有丝毫改变。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:342

3. However, we have seen repeatedly that in existing bourgeois society men are dominated by the economic conditions created by themselves, by the means of production which they themselves have produced, as if by an alien force. The actual basis of the religious reflective activity therefore continues to exist, and with it the religious reflection itself. And although bourgeois political economy has given a certain insight into the causal connection of this alien domination, this makes no essential difference. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 301.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
一个原则就是,事实因果关系先于法律因果关系,只有在廓清事实因果关系的基础上才能探究探究法律因果关系。——《监督过失犯罪论》,华东政法大学博士学位论文,2012
The principle means that the causality of reality prior to causality in law, and the causality in law can only be probed on the basis of clarifying the causality of reality.

例句 2:
因果关系是侵权责任的构成要件之一,它是确定侵权责任归属的客观基础。——《侵权法上的相当因果关系说研究》,中国人民大学硕士学位论文,2005
Casuality is one of inscapes of tortious liability ,basing on which tortious liability is confirmed.

例句 3:
因果关系是指原因与结果之间引起与被引起的联系,在刑法中确定因果关系的意义就在于将危害结果归责于行为人所实施的危害行为。因果关系理论是刑法学中的一个重要基础理论问题,也是在实践中所面临的最为困难的问题之一。若要使之从徘徊中走出来,就要准确把握住刑法因果关系的实质在于归责,而不是归因问题。在这个问题上,客观归责理论作为一个具有明确标准的归责理论体系,可以在一定程度上有效解决实践中所面临的因果关系难题。——《刑法中的因果关系探析》,云南大学硕士学位论文,2015
Causal relationship between what is a relation of cause and the cause of that causality in criminal law would mean the results attributable to a particular behavior. Causal relation theory is an important theoretical problem in criminal jurisprudence, is also a problem in our country criminal law the most chaotic. If you want to make it come out from the wandering, to accurately grasp the essence of the causal relationship between criminal law is to blame, rather than the attribution problem. In this regard, the objective imputation theory can make us very well solve the deficiency of present research on ca

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