字词 | 固定资本 |
释义 | 固定资本【英】fixed capital译文来源[1] Lukács, G. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics [M]. London: The Merlin Press Ltd, 1971: 14. 定义产业资本循环中的生产资本可以划分为固定资本与流动资本两类。固定资本指用于购买机器、设备、工具、厂房等耐用的劳动资料的那部分资本,属于不变资本的一部分。它与流动资本对称。用于购买机器、设备、厂房的那部分资本,一次预付出去,其物质形态全部参加生产过程,虽然受到磨损,但仍然长期保持固定的物质形态。它的价值不是一次全部转移,而是在生产过程中随着磨损一部分一部分地转移到新产品中去。未经转移的资本价值仍然固定在原来的物质形态上,继续发挥生产职能。最终经过商品销售,这部分转移过来的价值又变为货币形式收回,以备更新它本身的物质形态(卢之超,1993:243—244)。 定义来源[1] 固定资本.via: 例句1. 其次,从机器体系随着社会知识和整个生产力的积累而发展来说,代表一般社会劳动的不是劳动,而是资本。社会的生产力是用固定资本来衡量的,它以物的形式存在于固定资本中,另一方面,资本的生产力又随着被资本无偿占有的这种普遍的进步而得到发展。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷)下》,1980:50-51 1. Furthermore, to the extent that machinery develops with the accumulation of social knowledge and productive power in general, it is not in the worker but in capital that general social labour is represented. The productive power of society is measured in terms of fixed capital, exists in it in the form of objects; and conversely the productive power of capital develops with this general progress, which is appropriated gratis by capital. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 29): The Holy Family, 1987: 84. 2. 原始积累应当同资本积累区别开;后者以资本为前提,以现存的资本的关系为前提,因而也以资本同劳动、价格(固定资本和流动资本)、利息以及利润的关系为前提。但是,为要形成资本,就要以一定的积累为前提,这种积累已经包含在物化劳动对于活劳动的独立的对立中,包含在这种对立的独立存在中。这种积累——它是形成资本所必需的,因而已经作为前提,作为因素之一包含在资本的概念中——应当在本质上同已经成为资本的资本积累区别开,在后一种积累中,资本必须已经存在。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷)上》,1979:281 2. It must be distinguished from the accumulation of capitals; this presupposes capitals, presumes the relationship of capital as present, and therefore also implies its relations to labour, prices (capital fixe and circulant), interest and profit. But capital, in order to become capital, presupposes a certain accumulation which is already contained in the independent antithesis of objectified labour to living labour; in the independent existence of this antithesis. This accumulation, which is necessary for the genesis of capital, and is therefore already contained in its concept as premise--as a moment--is to be distinguished essentially from the accumulation of capital which has already become capital, where capitals must already be available. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 245. 3. 古典经济学无法越过固定资本和流动资本的区别,决非偶然。因为“可变资本不过是劳动者为维持和再生产自己所必需的生活资料基金或劳动基金的一种特殊的历史的表现形式;这种基金在一切社会生产制度下都始终必须由劳动者本身来生产和再生产。”——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:63 3. Classical economics was unable to go beyond the distinction between fixed and circulating capital. This was not accidental. For “variable capital is only a particular historical manifestation of the fund for providing the necessaries of life, or the labour-fund which the labourer requires for the maintenance of himself and his family, and which whatever be the system of social production, he must himself produce and reproduce.” -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 14. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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