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字词 因果性
释义

因果性【英】

causality

译文来源

Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 197.

定义

因果性,即因果律,是指揭示原因与结果之间的必然联系的哲学概念,是客观世界的现象普遍相互依存的形式之一,构成了决定论的主要内容。其内涵表现为:第一,有因必有果,一定的原因必定产生一定的结果;第二,有果必有因,一定的结果必定是由一定的原因所引起的。原因与结果是有一定顺序的,一般来讲,原因在先,结果在后。但结果出现并不代表原因的消失,而是原因表现和渗透在结果之中了;也不是所有具有先后关系的事物都具有因果性,因此不能以是否具有先后关系判断其因果性。辩证唯物主义认为,因果性具有客观物质性、普遍性、复杂性等特征,它是客观世界一切事物和现象本身所固有的,是复杂的客观世界联系性的极小一部分。在因果性中,原因和结果的关系是辩证的,既对立又统一,两者相互作用,相互转化,某一对象在此时或此地是结果,在彼时或彼地就成了原因,反之亦然。另外,因果是相对的,原因相对于它引出的结果才成为原因,结果相对于引起它的原因才成为结果,不能倒因为果或倒果为因。由于客观事物因果关系的复杂多样性,在认识和改造事物时,“要善于区分主要的和次要的原因,内部的和外部的原因,具体分析各个原因的不同地位和作用,找出决定事物存在和发展的根本原因,消除产生不利结果的原因,达到我们所需要的有利结果。”(金炳华,2003:267)。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 在《否定的辩证法》的第三部分中,阿多诺曾经以科学中习以为常的因果关系为例来揭露“同一性作为一种精神原则反映了对自然的显示统治”。在他看来,因果性的观念直接“可以告诉人们同一性对非同一性做了些什么“,不论是在主观上还是客观上,因果性作为一种人的观念“都是被统治的自然的魔法”。 ——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:25

1. In section three of the book, Adorno has applied the concept of causality, a concept taken for granted by science, to expose the enslaving nature of identity, namely, identity as an intellectual principle is only the reflection of the real control of nature. 1n his view, the concept of causality can directly teach us “what identity has done to non-identity.” Subjectively or objectively, causality is “the spell of dominated nature.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 46.

2. 当谈到阿尔都塞的著作时,结构承担了那种超历史原因的角色。辛德斯和赫斯特都严厉谴责这样一种作法,在他们看来这种做法与马克思主义的真正目标背道而驰。阿尔都塞给我们提供的是一种结构因果性发挥作用的永恒理论,而不是一种使我们能够对当下进行分析的理论。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:80

2. When it comes to the work of Althusser structure fulfils that role of transhistorical cause, and Hindess and Hirst are scathing in their condemnation of such a practice, which to their mind runs counter to the real objectives of Marxism. Althusser gives us a theory of eternities, where structural causality operates, rather than a theory enabling us to analyse the present. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 51.

3. 他不是反对康德的不可知论(不可知论就是否认我们通过感觉感知的客观实在),而是主张更纯粹的不可知论,主张排除康德的那个和不可知论相矛盾的假定:自在之物是存在的,虽然它们是不可认识的、心智的、彼岸的;必然性和因果性是存在的,虽然它们是先验的,是存在于思维中而不是存在于客观现实中。——《列宁全集(第十八卷)》,1988:203

3. He fought not against the agnosticism of Kant (agnosticism is a denial of the objective reality given in sensation), but for a purer agnosticism, for the elimination of Kant’s assumption, which is contradictory to agnosticism, that there is a thing-in-itself, albeit unknowable, noumenal and other-sided, that there is necessity and causality, albeit a priori, given in our understanding, and not in objective reality. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1977: 197.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
因果性是西方哲学史上一个极其重要的话题,至今仍争讼不休。在此期间,康德关于因果性的论述则尤其值得我们细细品味。——《论康德的两种因果性概念》,上海社会科学院硕士学位论文,2009
Causality is an important topic in history of Western philosophy and is still a contentious debate up to the present. During this period, Kant's discourse on causality is particularly worthy of being appreciated.

例句 2:
因果性问题无疑在康德哲学中占据十分重要的地位。至于康德为何会重视因果性问题,国内学界存在一个较为流行的见解,即认为康德之所以重视因果问题是要回应休谟的怀疑论,以便化解科学知识大厦崩溃的危机。——《论康德对自然因果性的重建》,山东大学博士学位论文,2013
The question of causality no doubt occupies a very important position in Kant's philosophy. As for why Kant thought highly of the question of causality, there is a very popular opinion in the domestic academic circle, that the reason why Kant attention to the causality is to respond to Hume's skepticism, in order to resolve the crisis of collapse of the scientific knowledge building.

例句 3:
决定论包含两个必不可少的要素:其一是事物发展的必然性和因果性;其二是历史现象的不可逆性。在决定论与非决定论相互争论的同时,决定论内部也存在着唯物主义决定论与唯心主义决定论之争,因此,决定论的历史进程可以看作是唯物主义决定论与唯心主义决定论相互争论的过程。——《马克思主义辩证历史决定论探究》,苏州大学硕士学位论文,2011
The determinism includes two essential factors: One is the necessity and the causality of the things' development; the other one is irreversibility of the historical phenomenon. While the determinism and non-determinism arguing, there is also the argument inside the determinism on material

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