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字词 英国经验论
释义

英国经验论【英】

British empiricism; English empiricism

译文来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:1836.
[2] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 2.

定义

英国经验论是指流行于17至18世纪英国的培根、霍布斯、洛克和贝克莱、休谟等经验论者的统称。英国经验论是英国资产阶级哲学的核心。与“唯理论”或“理性主义”相对。英国经验论主张人们除了逻辑与数学的知识以外,所知道的一切都要以感觉材料为依据。“理性不依赖于感觉与经验就不能给人们以现实的知识。经验论有唯物主义的和唯心主义的区分。前者承认经验来源于外部客观实在;后者则否认经验的客观来源。不可知论认为客观事物不可知或拒绝回答感觉经验的来源。”(金炳华,2003:228)培根是英国经验论哲学的奠基人。培根对经验论的基本原则做出了重要贡献,他开创了能够用于认识自然、发现自然的经验归纳法。霍布斯继承了培根的思想,把培根的思想系统化、体系化了,并建立了近代英国和欧洲第一个机械唯物主义哲学体系。洛克基本上是一个唯物主义经验论者,但仍保留有唯理论因素,承认精神实体及物质实体的存在。即便是经验论者,其内部也有很大的区分。培根、霍布斯和洛克坚持外部世界为经验的基础,因此是唯物主义的经验论者。以后的贝克莱和休谟否认经验来源于外界,甚至认为外界是感觉和表象的总和,因此是唯心主义的经验论者。休谟是英国经验论哲学路线的完成者,他既怀疑物质实体的存在,也怀疑精神实体的存在,只承认知觉是唯一的存在。至此,经验论原则的实质暴露无余,即完全否定思维的理解作用或能动作用,使人的认识不能超出经验的感性内容。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 首先是处于古典经济学起点位置的威廉·配第。以往我们都认为,配第的方法论前提是英国经验论的唯物主义哲学,他第一次运用这种方法观察社会现象,特别是运用到经济过程中来。这一点没有错。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:26

1. The first of these is William Petty, one of the founders of classical economics. In the past, it was believed that the premise of Petty’s methodology was the materialist philosophy of English empiricism. This belief was based on the fact that he was the first to use empirical methods to observe social phenomena, particularly in his observation of economic phenomena. This is all true. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 2.

2. 我想提醒大家注意,在早期政治经济学家经验观察视域中的焦点已经不是英国经验论的直观自然对象,甚至也不仅仅是社会实在论那种社会生活中的直观感性实体,而是社会生活中人的“行为”和“事情”(琼斯语),即非实体性的社会经验现象,甚至还有“文化”、“法律”与“人的本质”(麦克库洛赫语)等无形的主观因素。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009: 27

2. I would like to remind readers that the focus of the experimental observation conducted by early political economists was no longer on the intuitive natural phenomena studied by the English empiricists, nor was it on the intuitive, perceived substances within social life studied in social realism. Rather, as Jones put it, the focus was placed on insubstantial social empirical phenomena such as human “behavior” and “affairs” in social life. These even included, as McCulloch suggested, such invisible, subjective elements as “culture”, “law”, and “human nature.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 12.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
洛克作为英国经验论的集大成者,其理论的形成具有深刻的历史根源,即根植于英国资本主义与自然科学的发展的肥沃土壤中滋生起来的。洛克经验主义认识论的形成不仅是特定社会历史的产物,而且它的形成具有深厚的思想渊源:(1)古希腊罗马哲学中经验主义倾向的产生与成长;(2)中世纪经院哲学中经验主义因素的继续发展;(3)文艺复兴时期一一近代经验论的直接的前导;(4)培根与霍布斯—近代英国经验论的先驱。——《洛克经验主义认识论及其影响》,广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2004
As the comprehensive expression of Britain experiences, the forming of Loke's theory has deep historical origin, implant on the development of capitalist and natural science of Britain that breed with fertile soil. The forming of Loke's empiricism epistemology is not merely a result of specific social history, and its forming has deep thought origins: (1) Production and growth that empiricism is inclined to in ancient Greece's Rome's philosophy; (2) The continuation of the empiricism factor is developed in scholasticism in Middle Ages; (3) Renaissance period --Direct guide of the modern experience theory; (4) Baconian and Hobbes --Pioneer of the modern Britain's experience theory.

例句 2:
在此基础上论文第一部分是杜威经验的自我论,从表面上看杜威的《经验与自然》这本书似乎没有讲自我,但杜威的经验恰好说的是自我,杜威在此书中以传承17、18世纪的英国经验论为思想前提,对传统经验的挖掘使杜威的经验有典型的自我性、自我同一性,然而正是经验的自我性、自我感觉性才使得杜威的经验有了独特性。——《杜威“经验”概念的独特阐释》,东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
In the first part of this thesis is based on the experience of the self of John Dewey, on the surface the book of “Experience and Nature” does not seem to talk about themselves, b

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