苏格拉底学派【英】

Socratics; the Socratic school

译文来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：477.
[2] Socratics and Anti-Socratics: The Status of Expertise, Robert Frodeman. via: https://social-epistemology.com/2017/05/22/socratics-and-anti-socratics-the-status-of-expertise-robert-frodeman/
[3] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 35.

定义

苏格拉底学派，是受苏格拉底学说影响，并且具有公元前5和4世纪智者派特点的古希腊唯心主义哲学派（阿·谢·阿赫曼诺夫，1980：53），代表人物包括仇视民主制的“三十暴君”首脑克里底亚（Kritias，约前460—前403）、柏拉图、背叛祖国的亚西比德（Alkibiades，约前450—前404）、色诺芬等（中华书局辞海编辑所，1961：134）。

定义来源

[1] 阿•谢•阿赫曼诺夫（苏）.亚里士多德逻辑学说[M].上海译文出版社，1980.
[2] 中华书局辞海编辑所.辞海试行本　第2分册　哲学[Z].中华书局辞海编辑所，1961.

例句

1. 其次，在就体系的广博程度来说已接近完成的柏拉图和亚里士多德哲学体系之后，出现了一些新哲学体系，它们不以这两种丰富的精神形态为依据，而是远远往上追溯到最简单的学派：在物理学方面转向自然哲学家，在伦理学方面转向苏格拉底学派，难道这不是值得注意的现象吗？再者，在亚里士多德之后出现的体系，仿佛都可以从过去中找到它们现成的基础，这种说法有何根据呢？把德谟克利特和昔勒尼派、赫拉克利特和昔尼克派结合在一起，这又怎样予以说明呢？在伊壁鸠鲁派、斯多葛派和怀疑派那里自我意识的一切环节都得到充分表述，不过每个环节都被表述为一个特殊的存在，难道这是偶然的吗？这些体系合在一起形成自我意识的完备的结构，这也是偶然的吗？——《马克思恩格斯全集（第四十卷）》，1982：194-195

1. Furthermore, is it not remarkable that after the Platonic and Aristotelean philosophies, which are universal in range, there appear new systems which do not lean on these rich intellectual forms, but look farther back and have recourse to the simplest schools — to the philosophers of nature in regard to physics, to the Socratic school in regard to ethics? Moreover, what is the reason why the systems that follow after Aristotle find their foundations as it were ready made in the past, why Democritus is linked to the Cyrenaics and Heraclitus to the Cynics? Is it an accident that with the Epicureans, Stoics and Sceptics all moments of self-consciousness are represented completely, but every moment as a particular existence? Is it an accident that these systems in their totality form the complete structure of self-consciousness? -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 35.

2. 这两种解释都自称继承了列宁在《论战斗唯物主义的意义》这篇短文中所确立的有关哲学的最后指示。在该文中，列宁论证了哲学家应该同自然科学家建立一种唯物主义的联盟，同时指出他们应该创立一个“黑格尔辩证法唯物主义之友协会”。上面谈到的这两个学派，根据他们在辩证唯物主义中究竟强调辩证法一面还是强调唯物主义一面，而逐渐以机械论（机械唯物主义）者和德波林主义者著称。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：129

2. Both could claim to be pursuing Lenin’s final instruction on philosophy as laid down in his short article On the Significance of Militant Materialism. Here Lenin argued both that philosophers should create a materialist alliance with the natural scientists and that they should found a “Society of Materialist Friends of the Hegelian Dialectic”. The two schools in question came to be known as Mechanists and Deborinists according to whether they emphasized the dialectical or materialist part of dialectical materialism. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 139.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
第欧根尼的哲学源于苏格拉底，属于“小苏格拉底学派”。——“第欧根尼的德性教育”，载于《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期
Diogenes originated from Socrates which is subordinated to the Minor Socratic School.

例句 2：
早期是苏格拉底学派时期，主要受苏格拉底的影响，力求从个别的德行中认识和总结出一般的美德。——《柏拉图的哲学—教育思想》，山东大学硕士学位论文，2008
The early works mainly present a Socrates image, which tries to understand virtues in terms of individual morality.

例句 3：
被称为是小苏格拉底学派的犬儒学派奠基者——古代哲学家安提斯泰尼。他崇尚节制、俭朴，要求禁欲，反对骄奢淫逸的生活。——“古代哲学家安提斯泰尼的演讲艺术刍议”，载于《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2014年第4期
Antisthenes is regarded as the founder of Cynic philosophy of the Minor Socratic School. He advocates an ascetic life lived in accordance with virtue, requires abstinence, and opposes voluptuous life.