字词 | 理性认识 |
释义 | 理性认识【英】rational cognition; rational knowledge译文来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:211. 定义理性认识是对事物本质的认识,是认识的高级阶段,具有抽象性、间接性、普遍性。具体认识活动中,理性认识的三种形式有:概念,即对事物本质属性的概括;判断,即概念的基础上对事物的各种关系进行区分、识别;推理,即由一个已知的判断推出下一个判断。理性认识的这三种形式是认识的不断深化,具有递进性,理性认识靠的是人类的思维模式,及逻辑思维。感性认识和理性认识密切联系、辩证统一。首先,理性认识依赖于感性认识。感性认识是认识的低级阶段,是理性认识的基础。没有感性认识,就不会产生理性认识。离开了感性认识,理性认识也就成了无源之水,无本之木。另外,从认识的不同层次来看,作为反映事物本质的理性认识,只有通过感性认识才能获得。承认理性认识依赖于感性认识,是认识论中的唯物论。其次,感性认识有待于上升到理性认识。这是由感性认识的局限性和认识的根本任务、目的决定的。感性认识反映了事物的现象和外部联系,而认识的根本任务在于揭示事物的本质和规律,认识的目的在于用获得的理性认识去指导实践,使感性认识发展到理性认识,是认识论中的辩证法。再次,感性认识和理性认识是相互渗透的,在现实的认识过程中,既没有纯粹的感性认识,也没有纯粹的理性认识,两者总是交织在一起的。感性认识和理性认识统一的基础是实践。它们都是在实践中产生的,由感性认识到理性认识的飞跃,也是在实践的基础上实现的(张家如,2007:56)。 定义来源张家如.感性认识与理性认识的辩证关系[J].考试,2007(12). 例句1. 正如我们所看到的:这种至今仍这样表现出来的德国自由主义,已经是通俗形式的空洞的幻想,是现实的自由主义在思想上的反映。在这种情况下,把它的内容变为哲学,变为纯粹的概念规定,变为“对理性的认识”,真是易如反掌!——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:215 1. This German liberalism, in the form in which it expressed itself up to the most recent period, is, as we have seen, even in its popular form, empty enthusiasm, ideological reflections about real liberalism. How easy it is, therefore, to transform its content wholly into philosophy, into pure conceptual determinations, into “rational cognition”! -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 196-197. 2. 辩证唯物论的认识运动,如果只到理性认识为止,那末还只说到问题的一半。而且对于马克思主义的哲学说来,还只说到非十分重要的那一半。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:268 2. If the dialectical-materialist movement of knowledge were to stop at rational knowledge, only half the problem would be dealt with. And as far as Marxist philosophy is concerned, only the less important half at that. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 304. 3. “......但是这个他物在本质上不是空洞的否定,不是那被认作辩证法的通常结果的无,而是第一个东西的他物,是直接东西的否定;因此,它被规定为中介物,一般说来在其内部包含着第一个东西的规定。从而,第一个东西系本质上也被储藏和保存在他物之中。——把肯定保持在它的否定中,把前提的内容保持咋它的结果中,这就是理性认识中最重要的东西;同时,只须简单地思考一下就是以确信这个要求的绝对真理和必然性,至于用以证明这一点的实例,那么全部逻辑都是由它们组成的。”——《列宁全集(第五十五卷)》,1990:195 3. … “But the Other is essentially not the empty negative or Nothing which is commonly taken as the result of dialectics, it is the Other of the first, the negative of the immediate; it is thus determined as mediated—and altogether contains the determination of the first. The first is thus essentially contained and preserved in the Other.—To hold fast the positive in its negative, and the content of the presupposition in the result, is the most important part of rational cognition; also only the simplest reflection is needed to furnish conviction of the absolute truth and necessity of this requirement, while with regard to the examples of proofs, the whole of Logic consists of these.” -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works, 1976: 225. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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