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字词 扬弃
释义

扬弃【英】

sublation; transcendence; to transcend

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:262.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 179, 180.

定义

扬弃是黑格尔哲学术语,具体是指辩证的否定,即包含着保存、保持和停止、终结。扬弃不是放弃,而是抛弃和继承、发扬和提高的的意思。黑格尔说“扬弃有双重意义,它既意味着保持或保存,也意味着停止、终结。”可见扬弃不是简单的否定,而是同时包含有肯定的否定,即辩证的否定。黑格尔把“形式的思维”的否定叫做“单纯的否定”,与“肯定”单纯对立的“外在否定”,即对“肯定”的简单抛弃。这种否定的结果只能是“无”。相反,辩证的否定不是简单抛弃肯定的东西,而是包含肯定的东西,又超出肯定的东西。就是说,扬弃的过程是否定之否定的过程,通过扬弃达到对立面的统一。本来扬弃是黑格尔用来说明绝对理念的发展。但是,马克思恩格斯批判地吸取了黑格尔的合理思想,制定了唯物辩证法的扬弃概念。它指的是新事物代替旧事物不是全盘抛弃旧事物、简单否定或一笔勾销,而是克服和抛弃旧事物中一切消极的、腐朽的、过时的东西,同时又保留、继承和发扬旧事物中积极的、合理的东西,从而使新事物更丰富,更完美,更合理,进入发展的一个新阶段。马克思的这种扬弃观,“保留和继承以往发展中对新事物有积极意义的东西,并把它发展到新的阶段。这种否定的结果,既使新事物和旧事物之间有着本质的差别,又使新旧事物联系起来成为有机的整体而向前发展。”(金炳华,2003:262)

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 马克思认为,这两种共产主义虽然都已经把它们自己理解为人的自我异化的扬弃从而向人自身的复归,但都还没有摆脱对私有财产的消极理解,也不能真正理解私有财产的本质。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:238

1. Marx believes that although these two forms of communism understand themselves as being the transcendence of self-estrangement and therefore the reintegration or return of man to himself, they have not yet escaped a passive understanding of private property and therefore cannot truly understand the essence of private property. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 179.

2. 不同于上述各种共产主义思潮,马克思认为必须积极地否定和扬弃人的自我异化即私有财产,即不是釆取进一步加深异化、人们平均地获得异化结果(大家都成为资本家)的消极形式,而要既保存以往的全部财富,又要真正地复归于自身——人从自我异化状态回到“社会的人”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:238-239

2. Unlike the previous forms of communism, Marx believed that it was necessary to actively deny and transcend the self-estrangement of man (private property).The passive form of communism deepened alienation by attempting to ensure that people would fairly receive the results of alienation (everyone becomes a capitalist).Marx, on the other hand, believed in preserving all the wealth of society while at the same time returning it to man himself—the return of man from a self-estranged state to being a “social being”. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 180.

3. 本质以自身为前提,而这个前提的扬弃就是它自身。既然它是自身对自身的排斥,或者是对自身的漠不关心,是对自身的否定态度,因此,它把自己和自己对立起来……设定是没有前提的……他物仅仅是由本质自身假设的 ……因此反思仅仅是对自身的否定。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:300

3. Essence presupposes itself and is itself the transcendence of this presupposition. Since it is the repulsion of itself from itself or indifference towards itself, negative relation to itself, it thereby posits itself against itself...positing has no presupposition...the other is only posited through essence itself...Thus, reflection is only the negative of itself. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 266.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
但是,现实中的国家体现为民族国家,民族国家还是彼此差异、各不相同特殊精神,这需要扬弃这些差异性,达到普遍性,为绝对自由的自身展现提供一个时间的场域,这就是世界历史。——《黑格尔自由观》,吉林大学博士学位论文,2012
However, in reality the state reflects as a nation state, nation in different special spirit. The need to discard these differences, absolute free oneself provides a temporal field, this is the history of the world.

例句 2:
因而,剖析、诊断“现代性”的历史命运,肯定、继承“现代性”的历史成果,批判、扬弃“现代性”的历史形态,思考、发现人类解放的“现实性”的历史道路就成了马克思现代性批判的基本关怀。——《“马克思与现代性批判”研究》,吉林大学博士学位论文,2013
Therefore, what the purpose for Marx was to find the true road of human liberation ,by diagnosing the historical destiny, inheriting the historical achievements, and sublating the historical form of “modernity”.

例句 3:
十月革命的胜利建立了人类历史上第一个无产阶级专政的国家政权,由此也开启了扬弃异化生产力的实践历程。——《马克思主义异化生产力理论问题研究》,江西师范大学硕士学位论文,2012
The victory of the October Revolution, the establishment of state power of the human history of a dictatorship of the proletariat, which also opened a practice course abandon alienation productivity.

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