理念【英】

idea; vision

译文来源

[1] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 357.
[2] Report on the Work of the Government, 2016. via: http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/03/17/content_281475309417987.htm

定义

古希腊哲学家柏拉图哲学中的用语。苏格拉底提出关于“理念”的思想。他说，即使有众多的、不同种类的德性行为，但它们都有唯一一个相同的“理念”（one and the same form），而且，这个“理念”使所有那些具体的德性行为是“德性”。苏格拉底认为“理念”的特性十分明确，它们在数量上是唯一的，在性质上是相同的；而且，它们是相对应的众多事物或行为的“原因”，它们可以呈现在众多具体的事物里面，由此使后者成为有某种属性、性质的具体事物或行为。苏格拉底认为理念与具体事物的关键区别在于，理念是始终同一的，总是其自身，不会转变为自己的对立面，具体的事物则与此相反，会变为不同的东西。这包括两层意思，一个方面，具体事物自身会变化，随着时间变得与自己不同，即所谓的万物始终都在流变；另一方面，即使具体事物自身没有发生变化，但是，与不同的对象比较时，它们仍会显得不一样。理念与具体事物在本性上是不同的，是两类不同的存在，它们之间具有根本的对立性。与此同时，二者间又有密切的关系，理念是具体事物的原因，后者由于分有前者而成为自己，成为具有某种性质的事物。如人有人的理念，美的东西有美的理念。存在着众多理念，具体事物通过分有理念获得它们的名称、具有相应的性质，它们甚至还可以分有对立的理念；但是，对立的理念绝不会相容，任何一个理念绝不会成为与自己本性对立的另一个理念，也不会同时成为两种对立性质的原因（黄伟，2013：41-48）。

定义来源

黄伟．柏拉图后期理念论研究[D].中国社会科学院，2013.

例句

1. 我们要继续增强五国政治互信和人民友谊，加强治国理政经验交流，共同推动工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化进程，把握发展规律，创新发展理念，破解世界发展难题。要继续加强在联合国、二十国集团、国际金融机构等框架内的协调和配合，维护共同利益。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：326

1. We should continue to enhance political trust among our five countries and friendship among our peoples, do more to share experiences in governance, and jointly promote industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization. We should follow the law governing development, foster new ideas and meet difficulties head on in pursuing development. We should continue to step up coordination and cooperation under the frameworks of the United Nations, the G20 and international economic and financial institutions to uphold our common interests. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 357

2. 面对异常艰巨复杂的改革发展任务，各级政府要深入贯彻落实新发展理念，把全面建成小康社会使命扛在肩上，把万家忧乐放在心头，建设人民满意的法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。坚持依法履职，把政府活动全面纳入法治轨道。各级政府及其工作人员要严格遵守宪法和法律，自觉运用法治思维和法治方式推动工作，法定职责必须为，法无授权不可为。积极推行政府法律顾问制度。——《2016年政府工作报告》

2. Faced with the onerous and complex tasks of reform and development, we in governments at all levels should follow the new vision on development in our work, bear the weight of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on our shoulders, keep the peopled wellbeing at the forefront of our minds, and build a law-based, innovative, clean, and service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with. We will ensure that all government duties are performed in accordance with the law and that all government activities are carried out in line with the rule of law. Governments at all levels and all their employees must strictly abide by the Constitution and other laws and conscientiously apply rule of law thinking and approaches in their work; they must carry out all statutory functions and duties and may not do anything not authorized by law We will actively promote the legal consultation system for government. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

3. 原来在黑格尔那里是观念构建世界，在理念逻辑沉沦为自然之后，新生出来的人不过是观念神在一个更高的社会历史行进中，假手劳动对象化和外化出去的工具，但最终“人”被揭穿为理念的高级外壳，异化和对象化的共同扬弃是在绝对观念中完成的。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：314

3. For Hegel, in the beginning, the idea structures the world. After the idea logic falls and becomes nature, newly born man is nothing but a tool in a higher level of social historical progression that the idea god uses to realize itself in labor objectification and alienation. Man is revealed as the highest shell of the idea and the dual transcendence of estrangement and objectification is accomplished in the Absolute Idea. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 240.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
私法自治理念在现代民法中的基石地位是不容否认，以强调私法自治，私权神圣为中心，以包括法律家长主义在内的国家干预理念对古老的私法自治理念进行补充，实现私法自治与国家干预的动态平衡，这是现代民法的发展趋势，在人口老龄化愈演愈烈及人权呼声日益高涨的情势下，我国的老年人监护制度已不适应现实需要，从立法理念到立法内容上，都有大幅度变革空间。——《私法自治视域下的老年人监护制度研究》，西南政法大学博士学位论文，2012
It cannot be denied that the notion of autonomy of private law plays a fundamental role in modern civil law. As modern civil law develops, there emerges a trend towards a dynamic balance between autonomy of private law and state intervention by adding the concept of state intervention including legal paternalism to the long-established notion of autonomy of private law while emphasizing autonomy of private law and centering on inviolability of private rights.

例句 2：
在执政党执政理论体系的诸多构成要素中，执政理念是最为核心的要素。——《改革开放以来中国共产党执政理念演进研究》，上海师范大学博士学位论文，2015
In the theoretical system of governance, the governing philosophy of the ruling party takes the core position and plays a decisive and guiding role.

例句 3：
笔者试图对构建我国行政救助制度进行探讨，分析了行政救助的一般理论，行政救助中的理念转型以及对行政救助机制的建构。——《行政救助初探》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2004
I attempt to put forward my humble opinion of establishing the administrative assistance system of our country, and analyze the general theory, the transform of idea of administrative assistance, the establishing of the system administrative assistance.