相互制约【英】

mutual restraint; to check each other; reciprocally determined (adj.)

译文来源

[1] Full Text of Jiang Zemin's Report at 16th Party Congress, 2002. via: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2002-11/17/content_632330.htm
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 334.

定义

“制约”，即约束、管理、限制，和放纵、放任纵容相反，甲事物的存在和变化以乙事物的存在和变化为条件，称甲事物为乙事物所制约（莫衡等，2001）。相互制约便是指几种事物之间两两相互约束、相互限制的关系和性质，从哲学上讲是矛盾对立双方具有的一种具体的关系和性质（高清海，1988：538），具体指矛盾双方之间相互限制、相互约束的关系和性质，这两者之间既相互否定又相互规定。例如，自由与纪律便是相互影响、相互制约的，一方面纪律是自由的前提和保证，另一方面纪律又可以促进自由的更好实现，两者既相互制约又相互促进。

定义来源

[1] 莫衡等.当代汉语词典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 高清海.文史哲百科辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社，1988.

例句

1. 推进司法体制改革。社会主义司法制度必须保障在全社会实现公平和正义。按照公正司法和严格执法的要求，完善司法机关的机构设置、职权划分和管理制度，进一步健全权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制。——《中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会报告》，2002

1. Promote the reform of the judicial system. A socialist judicial system must guarantee fairness and justice in the whole society. In accordance with the requirements of judicial justice and strict law enforcement, we should improve the setups of judicial organs, the delimitation of their functions and powers and their management systems so as to form a sound judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation. -Quoted from Full Text of Jiang Zemin's Report at 16th Party Congress, 2002.

2. 健全权力运行制约和监督体系。坚持用制度管权管事管人，保障人民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，是权力正确运行的重要保证。要确保决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调，确保国家机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力。——《中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会报告》,2012

2. Improve the mechanism for conducting checks and oversight over the exercise of power. To ensure proper exercise of power, it is important to put power, Party and government operations and personnel management under institutional checks and uphold people's right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee Party and government operations. We should make sure that decision-making, executive and oversight powers check each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandate and procedures. -Quoted from Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2012.

3. 同时，不仅我们的行星群绕着太阳运动，我们的太阳在我们的宇宙岛内运动，而且我们的整个宇宙岛也在宇宙空间中运动，和其余的宇宙岛处于暂时的相对平衡中，因为甚至自由浮动的物体的相对平衡，也只能存在于相互制约的运动的情形之下；此外，还有一些人假定，宇宙空间中的温度不是到处都一样的。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：377-378

3. Moreover, not only does our group of planets move about the sun, and our sun within our island universe, but our whole island universe also moves in space in temporary, relative equilibrium with the other island universes, for even the relative equilibrium of freely floating bodies can only exist where the motion is reciprocally determined; and it is assumed by many that the temperature in space is not everywhere the same. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 333-334.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
从语义关系上讲，诗歌的上下文意义构成意象语言语义理解的横轴，主体意象词语的各种文化语境意义构成意象语言语义理解的纵轴。纵、横轴上的语义组合关系和语义聚合关系相互作用、相互制约，从而形成诗歌意象语言的深层审美意义。——《诗歌意象语言研究》，上海外国语大学博士学位论文，2007
In the semantic relation, the hyponymy of poems works as the abscissa of the semantic understanding of the poetic image language, while various cultural meanings of the head image words or phrases as the ordinate. In the coordinates, the semantic syntagmatic relation and the semantic paradigmatic relation vinteract with each other, which thereby composes the great aesthetic sense of the poetic image language.

例句 2：
马克思非常重视关系的分析，重视关系中体现出的事物本质以及伦理内涵。在对政治关系的分析中，马克思表现出强烈的道义判断与伦理追求。马克思认为：个人与社会是相互创造、相互依赖、相互制约、相互促进的关系，私有制下个人与社会处于极端对立之中，因而是不道德的；国家与社会的关系是人的解放的客观环境。——《马克思政治伦理思想研究》，河北师范大学博士学位论文，2009
Marx attaches great importance to the analysis of the relationship and the essence of things as well as the ethical connotations which relations embody. In the analysis of political relations, Marx demonstrates a strong sense of moral judgments and ethical pursuit. Marx believes that the relationship between the individual and society is one of mutual creation, interdependence, mutual limiting, mutual reinforcing, while the individual and the society is in extreme antagonism under private ownership, and thus is immoral; the relationship between co