字词 | 直观 |
释义 | 直观【英】intuition译文来源Intuition. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuition 定义直观,指不经过中间环节直接反应客观事物的一种认识形式,是人的感受器官在与事物的直接接触中产生的感觉、知觉和表象等的反映形式;另外也特指旧唯物主义对认识的理解。直观认识是对客观事物的个别属性、表面现象和外部联系的反映,具有生动性、具体性和直接性的特点,是认识的初级阶段。在康德那里,直观是与感觉相对的哲学范畴,感觉是接受外界认识的能力,而直观亦即直觉,是主动认识外界的能力。康德把直观分为经验直观与纯粹直观,前者是后天的感性直观,来自一切感觉经验的对象;后者则是先天的加之于经验材料的感性形式,即时间与空间。辩证唯物主义认为,感性直观是在社会实践基础上、在一定意识和目的指导下进行的对事物的能动的反映,是认识的初级阶段,不能认识事物的本质和规律。而“旧唯物主义不懂得人的认识是在社会实践的基础上对客观事物的能动反映,而把认识看做是照相那样的机械静止的反映。”(金炳华,2003:208)这也就是辩证唯物主义和旧唯物主义(直观唯物主义)对直观的理解的根本区别。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 我注意到,对18世纪中叶法国魁奈周围的经济学派(重农主义),萨伊有过一段十分重要的批评:他们不先去观察事物的本质,或观察事物怎样发生,把这些观察结果分类,并根据观察结果推断一般定理,而却先订出几个抽象的一般性论旨,把它们叫做自明之理,因为他们认为,这些自明之理包含使它们自己具有真确性的直观证据。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:33 1. Of the paucity of evidence upon which the mid-18th century physiocrats, led by Quesnay, constructed their arguments, Say makes the following critique: Instead of first observing the nature of things, or the manner in which they take place, of classifying these observations, and deducing from them general propositions, they commenced by laying down certain abstract general propositions, which they styled axioms, from supposing them to contain inherent evidence of their own truth. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 9. 2. 在阿多诺看来,仿佛大部分自负的哲学都不会简单地承认客体的优先地位,所以,反对直观物体成为思辨哲学的深度标志。他说,“自费希特以来,对它的已被制度化”。上面我们已经看到阿多诺对休谟以来的经验论唯心主义的证伪。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007: 60 2. According to Adorno, the majority of conceited philosophies, as it were, wouldn't simply acknowledge the priority of the object; hence, the rejection of any visual object has become a label of depth in philosophical thinking. He says, since Fichte, the dislike of it has been institutionalized. As we have seen above, Adorno disproves the empirical idealism since Hume. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 94. 3. 一方面,这种说法同亚里士多德的证据相矛盾,另一方面,欧塞比乌斯,或者不如说他所引证的亚历山大里亚的主教迪奥尼修斯,是自相矛盾的;因为在同一本书里宣称,德谟克利特承认不可分割的、用理性可以直观的物体是自然界的本原。有一点是清楚的:德谟克利特并没有意识到这种矛盾,它没有引起他的注意,而这个矛盾却是伊壁鸠鲁的主要兴趣所在。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)》,2002:42 3. This, on the one hand, contradicts the testimony of Aristotle. On the other hand, Eusebius, or rather the Alexandrian bishop Dionysius, from whom he takes excerpts, contradicts himself; for in the same book we read that Democritus assumed as the principles of nature indivisible bodies perceptible through reason. This much at least is clear: Democritus was not aware of the contradiction; he did not pay attention to it, whereas it was the chief interest of Epicurus. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 56. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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