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字词 意识
释义

意识【英】

consciousness; recognition; sense

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:12.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1977: 28.
[3] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 33.

定义

意识是物质世界长期发展的产物,是人脑的机能和属性,是物质世界的主观映象。意识从其起源来看是自然界长期发展的产物。意识作为一种反映形式,它的形成经历了三个发展阶段,即由一切物质所具有的反应特性到低等生物的刺激感应性,再到高等动物的感觉和心理,最终发展为人类的意识。意识不仅是自然界长期发展的产物,而且是社会历史的产物。社会实践特别是劳动在意识的产生和发展中起着决定性的作用,劳动为意识的产生和发展提供了客观需要和可能,在人们的劳动和交往中形成的语言促进了意识的发展。意识从其本质来看是物质世界的主观映象,是客观内容和主观形式的统一。意识是物质的产物,但又不是物质本身,意识是特殊的物质——人脑的机能和属性,意识在内容上是客观的,在形式上是主观的。马克思指出:“观念的东西不外是移入人的头脑并在人的头脑中改造过的物质的东西而已。”(《马克思恩格斯选集》,第2卷:112) 这表明,物质决定意识,意识依赖于物质并反作用于物质。

定义来源

马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第二卷)[M].人民出版社,1995.

例句

1. 顺着黑格尔对辩证法否定性的重新设置,阿多诺转而从正面认同式地声称“辩证法是始终如一的对非同一性的意识,它预先并不采取一种立场”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:11

1. Following Hegelian redefinition of negativity of dialectics, Adorno offers a positive characterization: “Dialectics is the consistent sense of non-identity. It does not begin by taking a standpoint.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 27.

2. 可是,阿多诺指出,这两种唯心主义的理论突围都是以失败告终的,原因在于“柏梅森像他的实证主义死敌一样依据于意识的直接材料,胡塞尔以同样的方式依据于意识流的现象。这两个人都停留在内在主观性的范围之内”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:15

2. However, these two idealist attempts come to an end of failure. The reason is that, “Bergson’s bearings, like those of his positivistic arch-enemies, came from the donnees immediates de la conscience; Husserl’s came in similar fashion from phenomena of the stream of consciousness. Both men stay within range of immanent subjectivity.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 33.

3. 被反民主的选举法弄得自相矛盾的人民政党,在选举中遭到了失败,现在反对它的有两个代议机关,而且很难说,其中哪一个更坚决地反对它的要求。结果,它的热情自然象烟一样消散了,取而代之的是一种清醒的意识,即意识到强大的反动派已取得了政权,而且奇怪的是在一般还没有采取任何有利于革命的行动以前就取得了政权。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第五卷)》,1958:26

3. Set in conflict with itself by an undemocratic electoral law and defeated in the elections, the party now has against it two elected bodies; the only doubtful thing about them is, which of them will more strongly oppose its demands. Consequently, the enthusiasm of the party has of course melted away and has been replaced by the sober recognition of the fact that a powerful reaction has gained control, and this, strangely enough, happened before any revolutionary action took place. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 28.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展及我国社会转型的加快,我国意识形态领域面临着许多新情况、新问题,多样化社会思潮在我国的影响日趋扩大,人们思想观点也出现多样化趋势——《马克思主义意识形态政治功能及实现形式研究》,河北师范大学博士学位论文,2012
Along with the development of the socialist market economy of our country and the acceleration of the social transition of our country, the ideological field in our country is facing many new situations and new problems.

例句 2:
全面推进依法治国不仅意味着法律制度与机制的改革与完善,更重要的是公民法治意识的建构和培育。——《公民法治意识之生成》,中共中央党校博士学位论文,2015
Promoting the rule of law comprehensively doesn’t only mean the reformation and perfection of the legal system and mechanism, but constructing and cultivating the citizens' consciousness of rule of law is also important.

例句 3:
意识形态在两百多年间成为最复杂的概念之一。马克思主义认为,意识形态是系统地、自觉地、直接地反映社会经济形态和政治制度的思想体系,是社会意识诸形式中构成观念上层建筑的部分。——《当代大众传播视域下的我国意识形态安全研究》,兰州大学博士学位论文,2015
Ideology became one of the most complex concepts in two hundred years. Marxism holds that ideology is idea systems, systematically, consciously, directly reflect the ideas of the social economy and political systems, is the superstructure in form of social consciousness constitute concept.

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