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字词 人性平等
释义

人性平等【英】

equality of human nature

译文来源

[1] The Black Biretta. via:
http://blackbiretta.blogspot.jp/2013/03/equality-of-human-nature-is-not.html
[2] human nature. via:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nature

定义

中国康有为、谭嗣同等提倡的资产阶级人性论主张。康有为认为,“性者,生之质也”,人皆“求乐免苦而已”,肯定了任性系人的自然本质。主张“圣人之为道,亦但因民性之所利而利导之……所以不废声色”。他强调“人欲”的合理性,并提出“性相近也”,“夫相近则平等之谓,故有性无学,人人相等,同是食味、别声、被色,无所谓小人,无所谓大人”。主张“人人皆独立而平等”。谭嗣同则以“以太即性”为依据,认为“惟性无不同”,赞成康有为“人性平等”的主张(金炳华,2001:1185)。杨国荣指出,人的生存、个体的发展、自我的成就离不开必要的社会资源,后者的合理获得与分配,又进一步构成了社会正义的实质内涵。社会资源的公正分配,体现的是个体的正当权利;相应于此,社会正义也以确认和尊重个体权利为其题中之义。个体权利既表现为自由发展,又以资源的平等获取为内容,二者分别基于个体自主的原则与人性平等(价值平等)的原则,同时形成社会正义的内在根据。然而,作为现实的存在,个体在本源的层面便呈现自然及社会的差异,由此往往导致个体之间在资源拥有方面的不平等。后者决定了正义无法仅仅建立在个体自主的原则之上,而同时需要另一重原则,即人性平等原则,也就是承认和肯定人在价值层面的平等性。个体之间诚然有天赋、能力、社会背景等方面的差异,但在人自身即目的这一价值的层面,人与人本质上是平等的。对个体层面来说,人在价值层面的这种平等性,为其平等地获得和接受发展资源提供了内在根据;从社会层面看,这种平等性则构成了社会公正地分配个体发展所需资源的前提。个体自主的原则意味着限制、否定个体的自由发展是非正义的,因为它剥夺了个体的自主权利;人性平等原则表明让个体失去发畏的资源同样是不正义的,因为它未能保障个体平等地获取权利(杨国荣,《中国社会科学报》2013年3月11日:第05版)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 杨国荣.个体自主与人性平等:正义的二重根据[N].中国社会科学报,2013年3月11日第五版.

例句

1. 由于在已经形成的无产阶级身上实际上已完全丧失了一切合乎人性的东西,甚至完全丧失了合乎人性的外观,由于在无产阶级的生活条件中现代社会一切生活条件达到了违反人性的顶点,由于在无产阶级身上人失去了自己,同时他不仅在理论上意识到了这种损失,而且还直接由于不可避免的、无法掩饰的、绝对不可抗拒的贫困——必然性的这种实际表现——的逼迫,不得不愤怒地反对这种违反人性的现象,由于这一切,所以无产阶级能够而且必须自己解放自己。——《历史与阶级意:识关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:71

1. The proletariat can and must liberate itself because when the proletariat is fully developed, its humanity and even the appearance of its humanity has become totally abstract; because in the conditions of its life all the conditions of life of contemporary society find their most inhuman consummation; because in the proletariat man is lost to himself but at the same time he has acquired a theoretical consciousness of this loss, and is driven by the absolutely imperious dictates of his misery--the practical expression of this necessity--which can no longer be ignored or whitewashed, to rebel against this inhumanity. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971:20.

2. 事实上,在工业文明之前的史前社会并非是一种被浪漫主义美化了的天堂,在那里,“人性是受非人化的物所支配的”,因为人还是“自然的奴隶”(恩格斯语),人的意识在总体上仍然处于物性化得模仿阶段。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:65

2. Actually, the prehistoric society prior to the industrial civi1ization is not a paradise as idealized by the romanticists; at that time, “humanity was still dominated by the impersonal things,” because men were, as Engels put it, “the slave of nature,” and human consciousness, overall, is at the stage of reifie-tional mimesis. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 100.

3. 一九二五年,孙中山先生在其临终的遗嘱上说:“余致力国民革命凡四十年,其目的在求中国之自由平等。积四十年之经验,深知欲达到此目的,必须唤起民众及联合世界上以平等待我之民族共同奋斗。”——《毛泽东选集(第三卷)》,1991:971

3. In 1925 Dr. Sun Yat-sen declared in his deathbed Testament: For forty years I have devoted myself to the cause of the national revolution with the aim of winning freedom and equality for China. My experience during these forty years has firmly convinced me that to achieve this aim we must arouse the masses of the people and unite in a common fight with those nations of the world who treat us as equals. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 293.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
从观念正义的角度来看,儒家关于人性平等的假设包含着基本权利平等思想,儒家关于“选贤与能”、善待弱势群体等主张,体现了“天下为公”理念;从制度正义的角度来讲,儒家主张以“定分”为前提、以促“和”为目的的礼治主义。——《先秦儒家政治正义理念研究》,燕山大学硕士学位论文,2011
From the perspective of ideal justice,the assumptions about human equality contained the idea that basic rights are equal and the opinion of “electing the wise and able” and doing good to vulnerable groups reflected the idea for “Things for all people” in Pre-qin Confucianism; from the perspective of institutional justice, the Pre-qin Confucianists stood for Confucian doctrine with the premise of “identifying status” and the purpose of promoting “he”.

例句 2:
康有为在扬弃传统哲学中经典人性论思想的过程中,逐渐确立了以“气质一元”为主要内容和“性无善恶”、“人性平等”为基本特征的本质论,同时还提出了以“勉强学问”和“变化气质”实现“性→善→至善”这一变化的工夫论。——《康有为人性论研究》,山东大学硕士学位论文,2015
Second, the article mainly analyses the basic content and characters of Kang’s theory and path to the “supreme goodness”. Kang absorbed what is good and rejected what is bad from the classics of Chinese traditional philosophy and established his main concept of Unary, which believes that human natures arc equal and no good or evil.

例句 3:
“性相近”隐含了孔子的人性平等思想取向,这是实现教育公平的认识前提;“有教无类”彰显了孔子教育公平的出发点,至今也具有很高的社会价值;“教学相长”、“因材施教”体现了孔子在教学过程中对学生的尊重和对和谐师生关系的重视,是实现教育公平的有效手段和重要方式,具有重要的进步意义;而“学而优则仕”的“贤贤”主张则是对当时分封制下以血缘为基础的任人唯亲的“亲亲”标准的否定,是孔子教育公平主张的落脚点,展示出他由教育公平导向社会公

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更新时间:2024/11/5 9:13:04