行政体制【英】

the administrative system; the administration system

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 130, 382.

定义

行政体制“即国家行政机关设置、职权划分和运行等制度的总称，是国家政治体制的重要组成部分，行政体制受经济、政治及文化传统的影响”（朱自强，1994：282）。行政体制属上层建筑的范畴，其建立及其模式除了要受到地理环境、民族文化，国外文化的影响外，主要受国家政治体制、经济体制的影响。行政体制是保证国家行政管理整体效能的一个中心环节，其核心问题是国家在行政管理方面的权限之划分。行政体制一般分为以下几种形式：“第一，首长制和委员会制。凡政府组织法定的最高行政决策权力和责任，赋予一人承担者，称为首长制；赋予集体承担者，称为委员会制。第二，层级制和职能制。层级制是指政府组织纵向分作若干层级，每个层级所管业务性质相同，各对其上级负责，但其管辖范围随层级下降而缩小。职能制是指政府组织平行划分为若干部门，每个部门所管业务内容不同，但所管范围大体相同。政府组织一般把二者结合起来，这就是层级制和职能制相结合的一种混合制形式。第三，集权制与分权制，集权制是指行政权力集中于上级机关，下级机关没有或少有自主权；分权制是指上、下级依法各负其责，下级机关在其法定管辖范围内有自主权，上级不得干涉”（孔祥军，1992，via： http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900006436466&d=AC0B9E07C42720401F6E25F9D6DF63CA）。中国的行政体制建立在社会主义公有制和社会主义民主政治制度的基础之上，体现了民主集中制原则、为人民服务原则、社会主义法制原则和责任制原则。科学的行政体制的建立，对于巩固人民民主专政，增强行政管理的生机和活力，更好地发挥社会主义的优越性具有重要意义（刘政等，1992，via： http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900005341926&d=0AC77CDE87B6DC70BC2129C7EFAE5003）。

定义来源

[1] 朱自强.中国文化大百科全书·综合卷（上）[Z].长春出版社,1994.
[2] 孔祥军.行政体制[A].1992，via：
http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900006436466&d=AC0B9E07C42720401F6E25F9D6DF63CA
[3] 刘政等.行政体制[A].1992，via：
http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900005341926&d=0AC77CDE87B6DC70BC2129C7EFAE5003

例句

1. 更好发挥政府作用，就要切实转变政府职能，深化行政体制改革，创新行政管理方式，健全宏观调控体系，加强市场活动监管，加强和优化公共服务，促进社会公平正义和社会稳定，促进共同富裕。各级政府一定要严格依法行政，切实履行职责，该管的事一定要管好、管到位，该放的权一定要放足、放到位，坚决克服政府职能错位、越位、缺位现象。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：165

1. To ensure that the government better performs its functions, we should transform government functions, further the reform of the administrative system, use new administrative methods, improve the macro-control system and enhance the monitoring of market activities. We should strengthen and improve public services, and promote social fairness，justice and stability, as well as common prosperity Governments at all levels should exercise administration strictly in accordance with the law, and conscientiously fulfill their responsibilities. The government should manage well all matters that fall within its purview, and appropriately delegate powers that should be delegated. The government should make resolute efforts to avoid overstepping its bounds or failing to play its due role. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 130.

2. 我们将推进行政体制改革，进一步转变职能、简政放权，理顺政府和市场关系，更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。我们将健全科技体制，提高科技创新能力，着力构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：347

2. We will continue to reform the administration system, transform the functions of the government, streamline government and delegate powers, in order to have a clearly defined relationship between the government and the market and let the market play its basic role in allocating resources to a greater degree and in a wider scope. We will improve the management of science and technology, enhance innovation capability, and build a system for technological innovation which is led by enterprises and guided by the market and which integrates the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 382-383.

3. 加快转变经济发展方式、促进产业结构调整，扩大社会主义民主，推进行政体制改革，推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣，保障和改善民生，加强和创新社会管理，保护生态环境，把权力关进制度的笼子、构建科学有效的惩治和预防腐败体系等等，都会对立法提出新的要求。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2013：55-56

3. Many new requirements will be put forward with a series of practices such as the transformation of the economic development, the adjustment of the industrial structure, the enhancement of the socialist democracy, the reform of the administrative system, the prosperity of our socialist culture, the improvement of people’s livelihood, the innovations made on the social management, the protection of the eco-environment, the restriction on the power, the establishment of the anti-corruption system and many more. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 382-383.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
村民自治的产生与发展是构建和谐社会的基石，对我国民主政治建设、推动政府行政体制改革和构建乡村和谐社区都具有十分重要的意义。——《村民自治与乡镇政府行政体制改革刍议》，西南财经大学硕士学位论文，2007
The development of it is the basic factor to construct harmonious society, and it bears important significance for establishing democratic politics, driving the reform of administration system and forming harmonious countryside community.　 

例句 2：
党的十六大以来的我国行政体制改革价值取向，是对中国特色社会主义理论与马克思主义政党价值观的进一步阐释和发展，是对科学发展观时代指导价值的具体呈现，具有重要的理论意义。——《党的十六大以来我国行政体制改革价值取向研究》，山东轻工业学院硕士学位论文，2010
The value orientation of China’s administrative system since the Sixteenth CPC National Congress is a further elaboration and development of socialism theory with Chinese characteristics and Marxist political parties’ values, also a specific show of the scientific development concept in the guide value of times, it has important theoretical significance.

例句 3：
行政体制改革必须有明确的目标、指向与策略，并应厘清这三者之间的逻辑关系。——“行政体制改革的目标、指向与策略”，载于《江苏行政学院学报》2014年第3期
Reform in administrative system must have clearly defined target, orientation and strategy. The logical relationship between these elements shall be thoroughly analyzed.