字词 | 马赫主义 |
释义 | 马赫主义【英】Machism译文来源McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 113. 定义马赫主义,亦名“经验批判主义”。19世纪70年代至20世纪初产生并流行于德国、奥地利以及欧洲大陆其他国家的唯心主义哲学流派,以其创始人E·马赫而得名。马赫主义强调经验的重要性,把感觉经验看作是认识的界限和世界的基础,认为作为世界第一性的东西既不是物质也不是精神,而是感觉经验。从这一立场出发,强调一切科学理论都不过是作业假说,它们只有方便与否之分,没有正确与错误之别。马赫主义曾吸引了不少哲学家和科学家,其思想直接影响了实用主义、逻辑实证主义,并在当时的工人运动中有一定的反映。马赫主义的另一位创始人为R·阿芬那留斯,其代表作为《纯粹经验批判》,因此马赫主义又被称为经验批判主义(马赫主义.via:http://baike.so.com/doc/7860328-8134423.html)。马赫主义建立了一种超越传统哲学的唯物唯心对立的中立的哲学。他们主张取消现象范围以外的存在和本质问题,科学和人类认识所及的世界就是经验世界,物质和精神、主观和客观的区别只是经验内部的区别。他们抛弃建立一种将各门具体科学联系起来的、无所不包的综合的哲学体系的企图,同新康德主义马堡学派一样,把哲学归结为科学的认识论。马赫主义是主观唯心主义哲学的一个流派,它的全部认识论都是建立在唯心主义的基础上(刘草兰等,1986:26)。 定义来源[1] 刘草兰,冷允清.马赫主义认识论的思想渊源[J].山西大学学报,1986(2). 例句1. 甚至到1908年,列宁仍把马赫主义看作不仅在党内,而且在各个派别内都是件个人选择的事情。但他本人在自己一派内激烈反对马赫主义,这有两个主要原因:第一,列宁与召回派(Otzovists-fellow-Bolsheviks)——以波格丹诺夫为首,原属布尔什维克,希望抵制第三届杜马选举——之间的争论从1907年起变得尖锐起来了。列宁当时处于极少数派地位,而波格丹诺夫则被选为该派发言人。于是,波格丹诺夫和他的朋友们开始把他们的影响扩大到俄罗斯以外,并在卡普里岛的高尔基住宅为党的活动分子建立了一所布尔什维克学校。因此列宁被迫去削弱波格丹诺夫(以及左派敌于们)的权威,以便重新确立他本人的统治地位。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:104-105 1. Even in 1908 Lenin viewed Machism as a matter of individual choice not only within the Party but also within each faction. But he himself reacted vigorously to oppose it inside his own faction. There were two main reasons for this. Firstly, the dispute between Lenin and the Otzovists—fellow—Bolsheviks led by Bogdanov, who wished to boycott the elections to the third Duma—became acute from 1907 onwards. Lenin was in a small minority and Bogdanov was chosen as spokesman for the faction. Bogdanov and his friends then began to extend their influence outside Russia and established a Bolshevik school for Party activists at Gorki’s house in Capri. Lenin was thus forced to undermine Bogdanov’s authority—and with it his Left opponents—in order to reassert his own control. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 113. 2. 因此,列宁的《唯物主义和经验批判主义》的真正价值并不在于其哲学上的论证,而在于他认为,从实际政治出发,唯一的哲学就是有益于无产阶级的。他认为,马赫主义这类当代哲学倾向,从党的工作的立场来看,是不正确的意识形态;党的实际工作才是头等重要的。《唯物主义和经验批判主义》中表述的核心哲学观,其价值是次要而又短暂的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:105 2. Thus the real importance of Lenin’s Materialism and Empiriocriticism lies not so much in its philosophical arguments as in his view that on practical political grounds it was the only philosophy that benefited the proletariat. Contemporary philosophical trends such as Machism were regarded as ideologies that were incorrect from the standpoint of Party work; and it was the practical work of the Party that was al1-important. The central philosophical views expressed in Materialism and Empiriocriticism were of secondary and transitory importance. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 113. 3. 的确,正如马克思拥护者中的所谓马赫主义者所表明的那样,这甚至会更加加强这样的观点,即现实及其在资产阶级直观唯物主义和与之有内在联系的古典经济学意义上的“规律性”是不可理解的、命定的和不可改变的。至于马赫主义也能产生出一种同样资产阶级的唯意志论来,与此丝毫不矛盾。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:50-51 3. Indeed, as the so-called Machist among Marx’s supporters have demonstrated, it even reinforces the view that reality with its ‘obedience to laws’, in the sense used by bourgeois, contemplative materialism and the classical economics with which it is so closely bound up, is impenetrable, fatalistic and immutable. That Machism can also give birth to an equally bourgeois voluntarism does not contradict this. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 4. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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