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字词 权威的方法
释义

权威的方法【英】

method of authority

译文来源

The Fixation of Belief. via: http://www.peirce.org/writings/p107.html

定义

美国实用主义者皮尔斯提出的确定信仰的四种方法之一,意指仰仗国家或教会组织的力量和暴力,把一种信仰强加于人,并惩罚和迫害一切持相反意见的人,据此达到信仰的一致。皮尔斯认为,首先应承认权威方法有胜过固执方法的无与伦比的精神上和道德上的优越性,它更容易成功。但权威难以事事都管,一旦出现偶然意外事件,人们必然怀疑此法(夏基松等,1987:137)。美国的皮尔斯把国家、教会以及其他强力机构或组织集团所规定的信念当作个人必须接受的信念,对与此相反的信念加以禁绝,对不接受这种信念的人加以惩罚,直至屠杀,以此克服固执的方法所引起的与他人和社会相抵触的缺陷,使个体的信念具有一致性,从而避免社会的动荡和混乱。皮尔斯认为,权威的方法适用于大多数不能独自确定恰当的信念的人,对他们来说,确定信念的问题就是使自己服从国家和教会等所规定的信念的问题。但这种方法同样不能保证完全成功。因为,国家和教会等组织无法在一切问题上确定统一的信念,总有不少只能由个人来确定的情况,也无法完全禁绝人们彼此交换意见和对国家、教会所规定的信念表示怀疑。异端反对正统基督教,科学反对宗教的历史就证明了这一点。故皮尔斯不赞成权威的方法(冯契,2001:1150)。

定义来源

[1] 夏基松,张继武.现代西方哲学辞典[Z].安徽人民出版社,1987.
[2] 冯契.哲学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.

例句

1. 最后,卢森堡抨击了那种认为工会和党享有“平等权威”的思想。工会是整个运动的一部分,但从非常特定的意义来说,工会运动不是与其领导人相一致的,而是“存在于已被争取过来进行阶级斗争的无产阶级群众的意识之中的事物”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:47

1. Lastly, Luxemburg attacked the idea of the ‘equal authority’ of the trade unions and the Party. The trade unions were a part of the whole movement, but in a very specific sense: the trade union movement was not to be identified with its leaders, but was what ‘lives in the consciousness of the masses of proletarians who have been won for the class struggle’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 53.

2. 第二种是托洛茨基的观点,他认为工会只应是政治权威的一种工具。列宁则在反对官僚主义的斗争中赋予工会以某种独立性,但他的意见最后并没有占上风。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:101

2. Secondly, there was the view of Trotsky that the trade unions should be simply an arm of political authority. Lenin accorded the trade unions a certain independence in the struggle against bureaucracy, but his view did not ultimately prevail. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 110.

3. 列宁当时处于极少数派地位,而波格丹诺夫则被选为该派发言人。于是,波格丹诺夫和他的朋友们开始把他们的影响扩大到俄罗斯以外,并在卡普里岛的高尔基住宅为党的活动分子建立了一所布尔什维克学校。因此列宁被迫去削弱波格丹诺夫(以及左派敌于们)的权威,以便重新确立他本人的统治地位。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:105

3. Lenin was in a small minority and Bogdanov was chosen as spokesman for the faction. Bogdanov and his friends then began to extend their influence outside Russia and established a Bolshevik school for Party activists at Gorki’s house in Capri. Lenin was thus forced to undermine Bogdanov’s authority—and with it his Left opponents—in order to reassert his own control. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 113.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
女性应该重新定义她们的社会价值,追寻自我的真理,找到建构女性自我权威的方法。——《前建构女性权威:《天黑前的夏天》的女性主义叙事学解读》,安徽大学硕士学位论文,2015
Women should redefine their social values, find the truth of the inner self and find a way to instruct their female authority.

例句 2:
启蒙运动时期的理论思想为现代国家提供了理论支持,对国家的起源进行了不同以往的阐释,对限制政府权威的方法进行了理论上的构思。——《前现代公民精神:基础、内容与意义》,山东大学硕士学位论文,2011
The ideology of the enlightenment supported the modem state, offered a different interpretation of the origin of state, and theoretically posed an approach to restrict governmental authority.

例句 3:
第二部分是对我国政府跨部门协调合作机制的现状进行分析,提出当前我国政府跨部门协调合作机制存在的主要问题,主要表现在部门间协调合作机制在实践活动中被演变成了一种为部门谋取利益以及加强部门权威的方法,而失去了它原有的目的和意义。——《大部制背景下的跨部门协调与合作机制研究》,河南大学硕士学位论文,2011
The second part is designed to analyze the current situation of our government inter-departmental coordination and cooperation mechanism, and proposes that the main problems existed in inter-departmental coordination and cooperation of the government inter-compartmental coordination and cooperation mechanisms is that the inter-departmental coordination and cooperation mechanism was developed into someway to seek benefits and strengthen authority for relevant departments, which lost its original purpose and meaning.

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