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字词 绝对知识
释义

绝对知识【英】

absolute knowledge

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 452.
[2] The Phenomenology of Spirit. via:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Phenomenology_of_Spirit

定义

绝对知识为德国古典哲学家黑格尔用语。“绝对知识”是《精神现象学》的最后一章,它标志着意识发展史的最高阶段。黑格尔说:“在宗教里曾经是内容或者是表象他物的一种形式的东西,在这里就是自我自己的行动,因为这个概念,正如我们看到的那样,就是知道自我在自己内部的行动即是一切本质性的一切特定存在的知识,就是关于这个主体即是实体的知识,和关于实体即是这种对于主体的行动的知识”(黑格尔,1979:265)。“绝对知识”就是通过概念的形式达到意识对自己的绝对的把握。这样,以前的意识、自我意识、理性和精神都被扬弃了,但他们又都作为环节被保存在“绝对知识”中。“绝对知识”的任务就是用新的更高的观点去观察业已经历过的整个意识发展过程,而把握意识的科学的形式只能是逻辑的范畴。它是黑格尔唯心主义辩证法的杰出思想,而精神的运动又是在主客体矛盾斗争中进行的,运动就是沿着圆圈式的道路展开的,这就第一次明白地提出了精神运动的否定之否定规律(马小彦,1986:354)。

定义来源

[1] 黑格尔.精神现象学(下卷)[M].商务印书馆出版,1979.
[2] 马小彦.欧洲哲学史辞典[Z].河南大学出版社,1986.

例句

1. 对黑格尔而言,辩证法远非一种不断进步、不断克服的叙事,而是一个所有尝试都归于失败的系统性的符号,“绝对知识”指出了一种最终把“矛盾”看作每一同一性的内在条件的主体性立场。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:348

1. For Hegel a systematic notation of the failure of all such attempts — “absolute knowledge” denotes a subjective position which finally accepts “contradiction” as an internal condition of every identity. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 452.

2. 他说,“把‘绝对知识'看作吞并一切偶然性的概念总体性怪物”,这种结论肯定是操之过急了。为此他还讲了一个笑话:说是在雅鲁泽尔斯基执政时期,政变当局晚上宵禁,夜里10点后士兵可以射杀街上的路人。一天两个巡逻士兵在10点差10分时看见有人行色匆匆,其中一个士兵立即将他击毙。他的同伴问他为什么在10点还差10分时开枪,他回答说,“我认识那个家伙,他住得离这儿很远,10分钟之内他无论如何也赶不到家,所以为了简化手续,我现在开了枪……。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:349

2. He believes the conclusion of “absolute knowledge” as a monster of conceptual totality which must be drawn with undue haste. He even offers a joke to illustrate it. During Wojciech Jaruzelski’s reign in Poland, military patrols had the right to shoot without warning at people walking on the streets after curfew (10 o’clock); one of the two soldiers on patrol saw somebody in a hurry at ten minutes to ten and shot him immediately. When his colleague asked him why he shot when it was only ten to ten, he answered: “I knew the fellow - he lives far from here and in any case would not be able to reach his home in ten minutes, so to simplify matters, I shoot him now…” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 452-453.

3. 他认为,目前黑格尔的形象是所谓客观“唯心主义一元论者”,这是一种彻头彻尾的误解:“我们在黑格尔那里所发现的是他对差异和偶然性的极其强烈的肯定——‘绝对知识’本身只不过是一个对某种根本上的丧失予以认可的名称而已。”——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:349

3. For Zizek, the current image of Hegel as an “idealist-monist” is totally misleading: “what we find in Hegel is the strongest affirmation yet of difference and contingency — ‘absolute knowledge’ itself is nothing but a name for the acknowledgement of a certain radical loss.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 453.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
精神的发展过程是绝对精神不断外化并返回自身的过程,而意识、自我意识、理性等就是绝对精神外化出的各个形态,即绝对精神的“现象”,最后绝对精神从外化的形态中返回自身从而完全认识了自身,这种认识就是绝对知识。——《论黑格尔哲学中的外化概念》,中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2010
The process of spirit’ developing is the process of externalization of absolute spirit and return to itself, and consciousness, self-consciousness, reason are various forms of externalization of absolute spirit, as the phenomena of absolute spirit. Finally absolute spirit returns to itself from the various forms and achieves the full understanding of itself. This understanding is just absolute knowledge.

例句 2:
黑格尔哲学声称把握绝对知识,但又承认哲学不外是以思想把握时代,哲学家也不能超越所处身的独特历史条件。——“黑格尔的绝对知识与历史理性”,载于《哲学分析》2014年第5期
Although Hegel’s philosophy lays claims to absolute knowledge, it admits that philosophy is just its own time comprehended in thoughts and philosophers can never transcend their historical condition. 

例句 3:
苏格拉底认为知识是绝对定义,国家需要由知道的人来统治,这是一条由绝对知识走向一元真理,并最终走向政治独裁的运思路径。——“论苏格拉底的知识与美德”,载于《晋阳学刊》2011年第6期
Socrates viewed knowledge as absolute definition and maintained that government should be ruled by people who really knew best. Socrates’s absolute knowledge and sole truth prepared the way to autarchy.

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