字词 | 议会民主 |
释义 | 议会民主【英】parliamentary democracy译文来源McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 9. 定义议会民主即“代议制”,是资产阶级民主制的核心和资产阶级统治的国家实行的一种政治制度。议会民主是能够有效维护和巩固资产阶级统治的重要工具,是资产阶级国家普遍实行的一种政治制度。施行议会民主的大多数国家由上下两院组成。像芬兰、丹麦等国则采用一院制。议会民主由在议会中占多数的政党或政党联盟的代表组成政府,这个政府只对议会负责,不对人民负责。议会形式上是由选民选举产生,是国家的最高立法机关,并有监督国家机关和工作人员的权力。议会民主产生于资产阶级革命胜利之后,在历史上曾起过进步作用。但这只是资产阶级专政欺骗劳动人民的假民主。议会民主以形式上的平等掩盖实际上的不平等,内容和形式相矛盾,原则和实践相脱离,它是保持资产阶级财产所有权和维护资产阶级统治的有效手段。随着资本主义发展到帝国主义阶段,垄断资产阶级操纵了政府,掌握了国家权力,议会民主制这块遮羞布已经或者正在被垄断资产阶级所抛掉。德里达曾批评议会民主是功能不良的西方自由民主制度,因为“产生的事变和事变的幽灵性的新结构造成。德里达还指出,西方的议会民主制度“功能不良”的一个突出表现就是“职业政治家”的失宠。”(金炳华,2003:1042) 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 一般而论,恩格斯在两个不同方面发展了马克思的思想,这两个方面显然都与马克思原来的思路很不相同:第一,马克思主义最终被描绘成苏联(及其他国家)的辩证唯物主义教科书所体现的那种教条主义形而上学体系,这条道上最初几步是由恩格斯迈出的;第二,面对以革命党著称的德国社会民主党在议会民主中获得越来越大的成功,恩格斯不得不作出了妥协、予以承认。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:7 1. 1n general, Engels developed Marx’s ideas in two distinct directions that were both, to a noticeable extent, at variance with the original thrust of Marx’s thought. Firstly, Engels took the initial steps along the path that was to end with the portrayal of Marxism as a dogmatic metaphysical system embodied in Soviet (and other) textbooks on dialectical materialism. Secondly, Engels was forced to come to terms with the problem facing the SPD as an allegedly revolutionary party operating on an increasingly successful scale in a parliamentary democracy. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 9. 2. 考茨基正确地认识到资产阶级的各阶层事实上正变得更加反动,他甚至始终拒斥与农民联盟的思想。他认为,改良不能触动阶级冲突的根本现实,而赋予民主权利决不能代替革命,以至于他认为,议会民主连同其选举大战只是强化了阶级意识,并加剧了阶级冲突。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:28 2. Kautsky correctly realized that sections of the bourgeoisie were in fact becoming more reactionary and he even consistently rejected the notion of alliance with the peasantry. Reforms could not deal with the fundamental reality of class conflict and the granting of democratic rights could never provide a substitute for revolution. He even argued that parliamentary democracy with its electoral battles heightened class consciousness and conflict. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 32-33. 3. 无产阶级专政与劳动者的新的民主相结合,国内战争与最广泛地吸引群众参加政治相结合,——这样的结合是不可能一蹴而就的,也是保守的议会民主制的陈旧形式容纳不了的。——《列宁全集(第三十五卷)》,1985:61 3. The combination of the proletarian dictatorship with the new democracy for the working people—of civil war with the widest participation of the people in politics—such a combination cannot be brought about at one stroke, nor does it fit in with the outworn modes of routine parliamentary democracy. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1974: 74. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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