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字词 议会
释义

议会【英】

parliament; congress; assembly; council; the Duma

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 22, 99.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1977: xxvi.

定义

亦称“国会”。国家的最高立法机关。最早起源于英国,是从封建社会的等级代表会议演变而来的。13世纪中叶,英国统治者为了寻求支持力量,加强王权,开始召集国会。第一次国会于1265年召开,不但有贵族参加,还有地方骑士和市民代表参加。14世纪时,英国国会分为上、下两院,上院由贵族组成,下院由骑士和市民代表组成。它的主要职权是讨论决定税收。这就是资产阶级议会的前身。当时,这种议会还只是国王临时性的咨议机关,权力不大,国王可以任意召开或解散。后来,资产阶级为争夺议会中的权力进行了几个世纪的斗争,直到17、18世纪,英、法资产阶级革命胜利后,议会才被确认为国家的最高立法机关,成为资产阶级民主制的重要组织形式,并在欧洲资本主义各国广泛实行。这时的议会具有立法、监督政府、决定国家财政和税收以及内外政策等最高权力。各国议会通常采用一院制或两院制的组织形式。采用一院制的议会通常叫国会、国民议会、人民议会等;采用两院制的议会则由上议院(参议院、联邦院、贵族院)和下议院(众议院、国民议会、平民院)组成(卢之超,1993:899-900)。

定义来源

卢之超.马克思主义大辞典[Z].中国和平出版社,1993.

例句

1. 它致力于与其他社会主义政党在议会中的合作,致力于通过和平方式实现社会主义。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:19

1. It was committed to parliamentary collaboration with the other socialist parties, to the achievement of socialism by peaceful means. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 22.

2. 在几篇阐述普鲁士国民议会的辩论以及分析康普豪森和汉泽曼内阁的政策的文章中,马克思和恩格斯激烈地反对“妥协论”,这个“妥协论”是普鲁士自由资产阶级的领袖们提出的,目的是要证明他们和封建君主势力妥协是正当的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第五卷)》,1958:xv

2. In a number of articles dealing with the German National Assembly and also in a series devoted to the debates in the Prussian National Assembly, Marx and Engels sharply criticised the conduct of the liberal majorities. Because all drastic measures were sabotaged by the liberals, the Frankfurt and Berlin assemblies, which failed to appeal to the masses and never assumed real power, engaged only in futile verbal disputes and became merely pitiable imitations of representative assemblies. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: xxvi.

3. 列宁则得出相反的结论:在任何革命斗争中,自由派都是完全靠不住的同盟者。这一分歧突出地表现在他们各自对待杜马的态度上。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:91-92

3. Lenin drew the opposite conclusion - that the 1iberals were totally unreliable allies in any revolutionary struggle. This disagreement was typified by their respective attitudes to the Duma. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 99.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
代议制是民主在近现代国家的主要实现形式。这一形式虽然是由资产阶级创立的,但它所体现的探寻国家管理方式的先进经验却是人类政治文明共同的财富。马克思主义经典作家们在探寻无产阶级民主实现形式的过程中,借鉴了议会民主的文明成果,创立并发展了马克思主义代议制思想,当然,这一借鉴并非全盘照搬式的制度移植,而是在吸纳议会民主先进成果的基础上,对其阶级实质的超越。马克思主义代议制思想是对社会主义国家应采用何种形式实现民主问题的回答,在马克思主义民主理论中应占有重要的地位,因此,深入挖掘和整理马克思主义代议制思想,不仅是把马克思主义民主理论中这个长期被遮蔽的重要内容展现出来的需要,更是全面而深刻的理解、运用马克思主义理论所不可缺少的一项基础性工作。——《马克思主义代议制思想研究》,东北师范大学博士学位论文,2011
Representative system of democracy in modern countries is the main form. Although the form of the system created by the bourgeoisie, but it embodies the search for the advanced management experience of countries is the common wealth of human political civilization. Marxist classical writers in their search for forms of proletarian democracy in the process, drawing on the results of parliamentary democracy and civilization, the creation and development of representative ideology of Marxism, of course, copy the reference type class system is not portable, but Absorb the advanced achievements of parliamentary democracy based on the real beyond its class. Marxist ideology is socialist state representative should be adopted to achieve democracy in the form of questions, in the Marxist theory of democracy should occupy an important position, so, dig and sort of representative of Marxist ideology, democracy is not only Marxism Thi

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