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字词 绝对理性
释义

绝对理性【英】

absolute reason

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Uinversitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 35.
[2] 冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:695.

定义

绝对理性是德国谢林及黑格尔用语。谢林认为绝对理性即绝对。绝对是主体与客体的统一,是世界的本质和全体。当精神由抽象的统一过渡到具体的统一,最后复归到抽象的统一时,精神便成了无差别、无条件的理性。它是精神的最高存在方式。黑格尔认为,绝对理性是哲学的最高原则,是世界的本体,也是最高的思维能力。他使理性脱离人,脱离自然和社会历史,变成独立自存的实体和自身运行的主体,并成为整个世界的本质和灵魂。一切理念都是“理性的概念”。绝对理念在一定程度上就是绝对理性的表现形式。绝对理性自己展开自己,自己反思自己,使世界成为理性的世界,而在外部世界中展现它自己。它是最高的对立统一体,既超越一切个体思维而又包含这种思维。既发现自身的矛盾,又扬弃这些矛盾。绝对理性超出非此即彼的知性,是否定理性和肯定理性的统一。前者认识到事物的矛盾,发现各种各样的对立。后者则在对立规定中认识到他们的统一。绝对理性能在对立双方的分解和过渡中认识到他们所包含的肯定,把对立双方的积极因素包含在自身之内,作为观念性的两个环节,从而摆脱了一切有限性和片面性,达到最高统一体和无限的真理(冯契等,2000:674)。

定义来源

冯契、徐孝通.外国哲学大辞典社[Z].上海辞书出版社,2000.

例句

1. 在这个更高的历史层面上,人的主体物化于社会财产(第二自然)的生产与占有,表征了必然王国中新一轮更深刻的异化的出现。最后,绝对理性的太阳升起在超越了市民社会的国家与法之中,这将是一个全新的精神性的自由王国。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:64

1. On a historical level, the subjectivity of man is refined into production and ownership of social property (the second nature), representing the emergence of a new round of deeper alienation in the Kingdom of Necessity. Finally, Absolute Reason, in the term of State and Law, rises above civil society – bring to pass a new, spiritual, Kingdom of Freedom. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 35.

2. 在绝对理性中,所有这些观念……是同样简单和普遍的……实际上我们只有靠我们的观念搭成的一种脚手架才能达到科学境地。但是,真理本身并不以这些辩证的图形为转移,而且不受我们智慧的种种组合的束缚。” ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:147

2. “In the absolute reason all these ideas… are equally simple, and general…. In fact, we attain knowledge only by a sort of scaffolding of our ideas. But truth in itself is independent of these dialectical symbols and free from the combinations of our minds.” -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 169.

3. 它既不能把自己安置为范畴,也不能把自己分解为范畴。范畴的顺序成了一种脚手架。辩证法已不是绝对理性的运动了。辩证法没有了,代替它的至多不过是最纯粹的道德而已。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:147

3. It is no longer posed or decomposed into categories. The sequence of categories has become a sort of scaffolding. Dialectics has ceased to be the movement of absolute reason. There is no longer any dialectics but only, at the most, absolutely pure morality. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 169.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
关于生活事件对个体情感反应和行为选择的影响研究,均试图从不同生活事件和行为决策关系的角度对个体的影响机制进行解释,但不同理论之间存在争议。行为/经济理论认为人“绝对理性”,而平均/累加模型、峰—终定律和心理账户认为人“有限理性”。——“生活事件对情感和行为的影响:理论比较与启示”,载于《心理科学进展》2014年第3期
Regarding the impact of life events on individual’s emotional reactions and behavior options, all the studies have tried to explain the mechanism of life events impacting on individuals from the perspective of relation between different life events and behavior decision-making, while different theories have different interpretations. Behavior/Economic Model regard people as “absolutely rational”, while Averaging/Summation Model, Peak-End Rule and Mental Accounting Model regard people as “bounded rational”.

例句 2:
以合同自由为法理基础的约定解除,应当受到合同正义的限制与匡正。通过诚实信用、禁止权利滥用等民法基本原则所负载的正义价值之评判与衡量,法律对约定解除的限制已摆脱“立法中心主义”这一绝对理性主义,在以利益平衡与价值评价作为方法论原则的指导下,获得了合理的司法考量。——《合同解除制度研究》,西南政法大学博士学位论文,2014
Through the evaluation and measurement of justice value loaded by the general principles in the civil law such as honesty and credibility and prohibition abuse of right, the law has gotten rid of the “the legislation centralism”, the absolute rationalism, which limit the negotiated termination, and acquire a reasonable justice considerations under the guidance of interest balancing and value evaluating as the methodological principles.

例句 3:
黑格尔在绝对理

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